Aerosols and human health – A multiscale problem

Chemical Engineering as Applied to Medicine: The New Challenges

“…For example, in assessing the health effects of inhaled aerosols, the engineering of dispersions must be analyzed along with the phenomena of fluid flow and mass transfer. [1]. The basic requirement for inhalation therapy is a reliable and reproducible method of producing micrometer-sized particles (or droplets) that will effectively introduce a dose of drug into various levels of the respiratory system during the oscillatory airflows typical of breathing [2].…”

“…However, it should be noted that discussing the applications of ChE in medicine ignores pharmaceutical technology, which falls under the scope of classical chemical and bioprocess engineering which is focused on industrial production processes and product engineering issues. Examples: (i) blood in cardiovascular system [8]; (ii) air/aerosol in the respiratory tract; (iii) bronchial mucus and pulmonary surfactant on the surface of the respirtatory tract [1]…”

Comparison of the Performance of the GRASP and MERRA2 Models in Reproducing Tropospheric Aerosol Layers

“…This is evidenced by numerous studies, e.g., [1][2][3]. Additionally, prolonged exposure to aerosols has been repeatedly shown to have adverse effects on human health, including reduced quality of life and even premature death, e.g., [4,5], particularly at the local level. As reported by [6], air pollution poses a significant health risk to Europeans, as evidenced by the high levels of exposure to fine particulate matter in urban areas.…”