Aerospace Toxicology Overview: Aerial Application and Cabin Air Quality

Abstract

Aerospace toxicology is a rather recent development and is closely related to aerospace medicine. Aerospace toxicology can be defined as a field of study designed to address the adverse effects of medications, chemicals, and contaminants on humans who fly within or outside the atmosphere in aviation or on space flights. The environment extending above and beyond the surface of the Earth is referred to as aerospace. The term aviation is frequently used interchangeably with aerospace. The focus of the literature review performed to prepare this paper was on aerospace toxicology-related subject matters, aerial application and aircraft cabin air quality. Among the important topics addressed are the following: · Aerial applications of agricultural chemicals, pesticidal toxicity, and exposures to aerially applied mixtures of chemicals and their associated formulating solvents/surfactants The safety of aerially encountered chemicals and the bioanalytical methods used to monitor exposures to some of them · The presence of fumes and smoke, as well as other contaminants that may generally be present in aircraft/space vehicle cabin air · And importantly, the toxic effects of aerially encountered contaminants, with emphasis on the degradation products of oils, fluids, and lubricants used in aircraft, and finally · Analytical methods used for monitoring human exposure to CO and HCN are addressed in the review, as are the signs and symptoms associated with exposures to these combustion gases. Although many agricultural chemical monitoring studies have been published, few have dealt with the occurrence of such chemicals in aircraft cabin air. However, agricultural chemicals do appear in cabin air; indeed, attempts have been made to establish maximum allowable concentrations for several of the more potentially toxic ones that are found in aircraft cabin air. In this article, I emphasize the need for precautionary measures to be taken to minimize exposures to aerially encountered chemicals, or aircraft cabin air contaminants and point out the need for future research to better address toxicological evaluation of aircraft-engine oil additives.

Innovative Germicidal UV and Photocatalytic System Dedicated to Aircraft Cabin Eliminates Volatile Organic Compounds and Pathogenic Micro‐Organisms

“…In a typical cabin air ventilation system, 50% of the air supplied in the cabin comes from recirculated and filtered air. HEPA filters are used in aircraft in order to remove and minimize airborne contamination . Filters cannot remain as effective as they were at the beginning of their service life and require periodic replacement .…”

Problemas suportados pelos pilotos agrícolas e suas relações com segurança e saúde ocupacional

“…Exposição aos químicos aplicados (ATALLAH et al, 1982;CABLE & DOHERTY, 1999;CHATURVEDI, 2011;CHESTER & WARD, 1984;CHESTER et al, 1987;COHEN et al, 1979;DAUGHERTY et al, 1962;DRISKELL et al, 1991;GERRY et al, 2005;GORDON & RICHTER, 1991;GUPTA et al, 1980;KNARR et al, 1985;KNOPP & GLASS, 1991;MINASI et al, 2011;QUANTICK & PERRY, 1981;RICE et al, 2005;RICHTER et al, 1980;ROAN et al, 1984;SMITH, 1963;ULLMANN et al, 1979;WOOD et al, 1971;; Exposição aos gases de combustão da aeronave (CHATURVEDI, 2011).…”

Thermal Condition and Air Quality Investigation in Commercial Airliner Cabins

“…Many health issues of frequent air travelers and cabin crew are related to their in-cabin experiences. The health issues include mental stress, high altitude conditions, hormonal dysregulation, physical inactivity, fatigue, and biological infections, and the health risks during waiting and taxiing phases are more worthy of attention [13][14][15][16]. Pang, L. et al indicated that the thermal comfort is not controlled well in some short-haul flights, which lead to overheating or undercooling, and an adaptive model was developed to help crew control the temperature and RH [17].…”