Aerts<b><i>et al.</i></b>Reply:

Aerts, Sven; Kwiat, Paul G.; Larsson, Jan‐Åke; Żukowski, Marek

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1909

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…One way to deal with this "postselection loophole" that affects all performed Bell tests using energy-time-or time-binentangled photons [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] is to add an extra assumption: the fact that a photon is detected at a specific time is independent * paolo.mataloni@uniroma1.it of the local experiment performed on that photon [27,29]. Therefore, even assuming ideal devices, Franson's setup can only rule out local LHV theories when this extra property is assumed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Bell-inequality violation without the postselection loophole

et al. 2010

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We report on an experimental violation of the Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (Bell-CHSH) inequality using energy-time-entangled photons. The experiment is not free of the locality and detection loopholes but is the first violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality using energy-time entangled photons which is free of the postselection loophole described by Aerts et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2872 (1999)]

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Bell-inequality violation without the postselection loophole

et al. 2010

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“…One way to avoid the problem is to make an extra assumption, namely that the decision of being detected at time t D = t or a time t D = t+ ∆L c is actually made at the first beam splitter, before having information of the local phase settings [4,15]. This assumption is similar to the fair sampling assumption, namely that the probability of rejection does not depend on the measurement settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Franson [1] proposed an experiment to demonstrate the violation of local realism [2] using energy-time entanglement, based on a formal violation of the Bell Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality [3]. However, Aerts et al [4] showed that, even in the ideal case of perfect preparation and perfect detection efficiency, there is a local hidden variable (LHV) model that simulates the results predicted by quantum mechanics for the experiment proposed by Franson [1]. This model proves that "the Franson experiment does not and cannot violate local realism" and that " [t]he reported violations of local realism from Franson experiments [5] have to be reexamined" [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the Franson experiment the phase setting at t D − t I can causally affect the decision of a detection of the corresponding photon to occur at time t D = t or a time t D = t + ∆L c . If the S/L decision can depend on the phase settings, then, after the 50% postselection procedure, one can formally obtain not only the violations predicted by quantum mechanics, as proven in [4], but any value of β CHSH , even those forbidden by quantum mechanics. This is proven by constructing a family of explicit LHV models.…”

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Proposed Bell Experiment with Genuine Energy-Time Entanglement

et al. 2009

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Franson's Bell experiment with energy-time entanglement [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2205(1989 does not rule out all local hidden variable models. This defect can be exploited to compromise the security of Bell inequality-based quantum cryptography. We introduce a novel Bell experiment using genuine energy-time entanglement, based on a novel interferometer, which rules out all local hidden variable models. The scheme is feasible with actual technology.PACS numbers: 03.65. Ud, 03.65.Ta, 03.67.Mn, 42.50.Xa Two particles exhibit "energy-time entanglement" when they are emitted at the same time in an energyconserving process and the essential uncertainty in the time of emission makes undistinguishable two alternative paths that the particles can take. Despite this fundamental deficiency, and despite that this defect can be exploited to create a Trojan horse attack in Bell inequality-based quantum cryptography [6], Franson-type experiments have been extensively used for Bell tests and Bell inequality-based quantum cryptography [7], have become standard in quantum optics [8,9], and an extended belief is that "the results of experiments with the Franson experiment violate Bell's inequalities" [9]. This is particularly surprising, given that recent research has emphasized the fundamental role of a (loophole-free) violation of the Bell inequalities in proving the device-independent security of key distribution protocols [10], and in detecting entanglement [11].Polarization entanglement can be transformed into energy-time entanglement [12]. However, to our knowledge, there is no single experiment showing a violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality using genuine energy-time entanglement (or "time-bin entanglement" [13]) that cannot be simulated by a LHV model. By "genuine" we mean not obtained by transforming a previous form of entanglement, but created because the essential uncertainty in the time of emission makes two alternative paths undistinguishable.Because of the above reasons, a single experiment using energy-time entanglement able to rule out all possible LHV models is of particular interest. The aim of this Letter is to describe such an experiment by means of a novel interferometric scheme. The main purpose of the new scheme is not to compete with existing interferometers used for quantum communication in terms of practical usability, but to fix a fundamental defect common to all of them.We will first describe the Franson Bell-CHSH experiment. Then, we will introduce a LHV model reproducing any conceivable violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality. The model underlines why a Franson-type experiment does not and cannot be used to violate local realism. Then, we will introduce a new two-photon energy-time Bell-CHSH experiment that avoids these problems and can be used for a conclusive Bell test.The Franson Bell-CHSH experiment.-The setup of a Franson Bell-CHSH experiment is in Fig. 1. The source emits two photons, photon 1 to the left and photon 2 to the right. Each of them is fed into an unbalanced interferometer. BS i are be...

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“…This can be exploited to build local HV models which simulate the quantum predictions (see Refs. [4,5] for details).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiparty multilevel energy-time entanglement

2010

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Franson-like setups are inadequate for multiparty Bell experiments with energy-time entanglement because postselected events can depend on the local settings, and local models can exploit this feature to reproduce the quantum predictions, even in the case of ideal devices. We extend a previously introduced interferometric scheme [A. Cabello et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 040401 (2009)] to solve this problem in the N-qubit and N-quNit cases. In addition, the proposed setups allow us to prepare and test N-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and (Sigma(N)(i=1) vertical bar i ... i) /root N energy-time entangled states

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Aertset al.Reply:

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental Bell-inequality violation without the postselection loophole

Experimental Bell-inequality violation without the postselection loophole

Proposed Bell Experiment with Genuine Energy-Time Entanglement

Multiparty multilevel energy-time entanglement

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