Aestipascuomyces dupliciliberatus gen. nov, sp. nov., the First Cultured Representative of the Uncultured SK4 Clade from Aoudad Sheep and Alpaca

Stabel, Marcus; Hanafy, Radwa A.; Schweitzer, Tabea; Greif, Meike; Aliyu, Habibu; Flad, Veronika; Young, Diana; Lebuhn, Michael; Elshahed, Mostafa S.; Ochsenreither, Katrin; Youssef, Noha H.

doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0333.v1

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

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Paucimyces polynucleatusgen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the feces of a wild blackbuck antelope

Hanafy

Youssef

Elshahed

2021

Preprint

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The anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, phylum Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tracts of herbivores. Multiple novel, yet-uncultured AGF taxa have recently been identified in culture-independent diversity surveys. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of the first representative of the RH5 lineage from fecal samples of a wild blackbuck (Indian Antelope) from Sutton County, Texas, USA. The isolates displayed medium sized (2-4 mm) compact circular colonies on agar roll tubes and thin loose biofilm-like growth in liquid medium. Microscopic examination revealed monoflagellated zoospores and polycentric thalli with highly branched nucleated filamentous rhizomycelium, a growth pattern encountered in a minority of described AGF genera so far. The obtained isolates are characterized by formation of spherical vesicles at the hyphal tips from which multiple sporangia formed either directly on the spherical vesicles or at the end of sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analysis using the D1/D2 regions of the large ribosomal subunit (D/D2 LSU) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed sequence similarities of 93.5%, and 81.3%, respectively, to the closest cultured relatives (Orpinomyces joyonii strain D3A (D1/D2 LSU), and Joblinomyces apicalis strain GFH681 (ITS1). Substrate utilization experiments using the type strain (BB-3) demonstrated growth capabilities on a wide range of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides, including glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, cellulose, xylan, starch, and raffinose. We propose accommodating these novel isolates in a new genus and species, for which the name Paucimyces polynucleatus is proposed. The type species is strain BB-3.

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Paucimyces polynucleatusgen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the feces of a wild blackbuck antelope

Hanafy

Youssef

Elshahed

2021

Preprint

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Current Progress in Optimising Sustainable Energy Recovery From Cattle Paunch Contents, a Slaughterhouse Waste Product

Dowd

McDonnell²,

Tuohy

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Paunch contents are the recalcitrant, lignocellulose-rich, partially-digested feed present in the rumen of ruminant animals. Cattle forage in Europe is primarily from perennial and Italian ryegrasses and/or white clover, so paunch contents from forage-fed cattle in Europe is enriched in these feedstuffs. Globally, due to its underutilisation, the potential energy in cattle paunch contents annually represents an energy loss of 23,216,548,750–27,804,250,000 Megajoules (MJ) and financial loss of up to ~€800,000,000. Therefore, this review aims to describe progress made to-date in optimising sustainable energy recovery from paunch contents. Furthermore, analyses to determine the economic feasibility/potential of recovering sustainable energy from paunch contents was carried out. The primary method used to recover sustainable energy from paunch contents to-date has involved biomethane production through anaerobic digestion (AD). The major bottleneck in its utilisation through AD is its recalcitrance, resulting in build-up of fibrous material. Pre-treatments partially degrade the lignocellulose in lignocellulose-rich wastes, reducing their recalcitrance. Enzyme systems could be inexpensive and more environmentally compatible than conventional solvent pre-treatments. A potential source of enzyme systems is the rumen microbiome, whose efficiency in lignocellulose degradation is attracting significant research interest. Therefore, the application of rumen fluid (liquid derived from dewatering of paunch contents) to improve biomethane production from AD of lignocellulosic wastes is included in this review. Analysis of a study where rumen fluid was used to pre-treat paper sludge from a paper mill prior to AD for biomethane production suggested economic feasibility for CHP combustion, with potential savings of ~€11,000 annually. Meta-genomic studies of bacterial/archaeal populations have been carried out to understand their ruminal functions. However, despite their importance in degrading lignocellulose in nature, rumen fungi remain comparatively under-investigated. Further investigation of rumen microbes, their cultivation and their enzyme systems, and the role of rumen fluid in degrading lignocellulosic wastes, could provide efficient pre-treatments and co-digestion strategies to maximise biomethane yield from a range of lignocellulosic wastes. This review describes current progress in optimising sustainable energy recovery from paunch contents, and the potential of rumen fluid as a pre-treatment and co-substrate to recover sustainable energy from lignocellulosic wastes using AD.

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The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition

Hartinger

Zebeli

2021

JoF

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The ruminal microbiota allows ruminants to utilize fibrous feeds and is in the limelight of ruminant nutrition research for many years. However, the overwhelming majority of investigations have focused on bacteria, whereas anaerobic fungi (AF) have been widely neglected by ruminant nutritionists. Anaerobic fungi are not only crucial fiber degraders but also important nutrient sources for the host. This review summarizes the current findings on AF and, most importantly, discusses their new application potentials in modern ruminant nutrition. Available data suggest AF can be applied as direct-fed microbials to enhance ruminal fiber degradation, which is indeed of interest for high-yielding dairy cows that often show depressed ruminal fibrolysis in response to high-grain feeding. Moreover, these microorganisms have relevance for the nutrient supply and reduction of methane emissions. However, to reach AF-related improvements in ruminal fiber breakdown and animal performance, obstacles in large-scale AF cultivation and applicable administration options need to be overcome. At feedstuff level, silage production may benefit from the application of fungal enzymes that cleave lignocellulosic structures and consequently enable higher energy exploitation from forages in the rumen. Concluding, AF hold several potentials in improving ruminant feeding and future research efforts are called for to harness these potentials.

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Aestipascuomyces dupliciliberatus gen. nov, sp. nov., the First Cultured Representative of the Uncultured SK4 Clade from Aoudad Sheep and Alpaca

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Paucimyces polynucleatusgen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the feces of a wild blackbuck antelope

Paucimyces polynucleatusgen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the feces of a wild blackbuck antelope

Current Progress in Optimising Sustainable Energy Recovery From Cattle Paunch Contents, a Slaughterhouse Waste Product

The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition

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