Aet as a Radioprotective Agent at the Cellular Level

Rugh, Roberts; Fu, Karen K.

doi:10.2307/1539395

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The cytotoxicity of AET was also confirmed by the results of the CBMN assay. These observations point to a limited radioprotective value of the compound and correlate well with findings by other authors (Rugh and Fu, 1965;Kljajic and Masic, 2000;Kusheva, 2004). Therefore, the toxicity/genotoxicity of AET significantly diminish the rationale for its regular use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of radioprotective effects of propolis and its flavonoid constituents: in vitro study on human white blood cells

Benković

Knežević

Oršolić

et al. 2009

Phytotherapy Research

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This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the possible radioprotective effects of the natural substances WSDP, caffeic acid, chrysin and naringin on gamma-irradiated human white blood cells. The effectiveness of tested compounds was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay, the analysis of structural chromosome aberration and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The results obtained by the alkaline comet study indicate favourable toxicity profiles of propolis and its polyphenolic components, and confirmed the radioprotective abilities comparable to the chemical radioprotector AET. WSDP and its polyphenolic components were able to reduce the number of necrotic cells. None of tested compounds induced significant genotoxicity, but all of them offered a quite measurable protection against DNA damage. WSDP was found to be the most effective in diminishing the levels of primary and more complex cytogenetic DNA damage in white blood cells. Considering its complex composition, to undoubtedly explain the underlying mechanisms of cyto/radioprotective effects, further studies are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of radioprotective effects of propolis and its flavonoid constituents: in vitro study on human white blood cells

Benković

Knežević

Oršolić

et al. 2009

Phytotherapy Research

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“…This observation is also in agreement with previous reports by other authors. 40,42) Given that micronuclei originate both from clastogenic and aneugenic impacts caused by ionizing radiation, our results point to cyto/radioprotective capacity EEP and quercetin both at the level of DNA and mitotic spindle. When compared EEP with quercetin, EEP was found to be better radioprotector, possibly due to its complex composition made of many bioactive substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Our results support the findings by other authors, indicated possible toxic effects of the compound administered in doses needed for effective radioprotection. [40][41][42] Although 30 min of in vitro pre-treatment with AET offered better radioprotection to irradiated leukocytes than other tested substances, with prolonged incubation time it significantly increased the levels of primary DNA damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Radioprotective Effects of Propolis and Quercetin on Human White Blood Cells in Vitro

Benković

Kopjar

Knežević

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Growing clinical, toxicological and biochemical evidence supports the use of different natural products as adjunct treatment for patients exposed to radiation as well as in chemopreventive strategies. Propolis has gained popularity as a health natural product extensively used in food and beverages to improve human health and to prevent diseases such as inflammation, heart disease and even cancer.1) The wide spectrum of propolis activities was mainly attributed to the large number of flavonoids. In addition to flavonoids, propolis contains phenolic acids, esters, enzymes, vitamins and minerals. 2-4)The flavonoids possess many biological properties being strong antioxidants and have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory/antialergic, antimutagenic, anticlastogenic and anticarcinogenic properties.1,5-7) Antioxidant activity of flavonoids is based on ability of direct scavenging of reactive oxygen, nitrogen and chlorine species, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, and peroxynitrous acid. Because of the high reactivity of the hydroxyl substituents of the flavonoids, radicals are made inactive. Flavonoids can also increase the function of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems.8) Furthermore, their antioxidant effects may be a result of a combination of radical scavenging and an interaction with enzyme functions. Growing evidences suggest that flavonoids prevent oxidative damage of DNA (single strand breaks, double strand breaks, oxidative damage to sugar and base residues, chromosomal aberration and mutation) and other cellular components. They may interact with cellular drug transport systems and transmembrane transport, interfere with cyclin-dependent regulation of the cell cycle, inhibiting telomerase, affecting signal transduction pathways, inhibiting cyclooxygenases and lypooxygenases, decreasing xantine oxidase, metalloproteinase and sulfotransferase activities. 9)Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables and its average human daily intake in various countries is estimated to be approximately 25 mg.10) Based on the structure-activity relationships for antioxidant effects, quercetin appears to be one of the most active flavonoids.1) It has greatest pharmacological activities among the flavonoids and possesses potential therapeutic applications. In Ames test, quercetin is regarded as mutagenic, however, recent in vitro studies indicate that quercetin is protective against genotoxicants, and regarded as antimutagenic.11)The aim of present in vitro study on human white blood cells was to estimate radioprotective effects of natural substances propolis and quercetin. The effectiveness of tested compounds was evaluated by the alkaline comet assay, the analysis of structural chromosomal aberrations and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Moreover, possible genotoxic effects of the compounds were also assessed on non-irradiated blood samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood SamplingTo overcome possible inter-individual variability in respon...

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“…The question raised by the data in Table I is whether AET actually protects the 9-12-day brood from crossing-over, or whether the broken or damaged chromosomes are prevented from repairing or rejoining, hence are lost. Rugh and Fu (1965) reported that AET did not protect the cytoplasm or nucleus of the haploid Arbacia cell from gamma rays. Edington (1958) reported that when AET was used as a possible protector against radiation-induced mutations in male Drosophila, there was an increase in "dominant lethals" and in the numbers of sex-linked lethals (Kaplan and Lyon, 1953).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%