Aetiological factors in oesophageal cancer in Singapore Chinese

Jong, U. W. de; Breslow, Norman E.; Hong, Jian‐Guo; Sridharan, Mathini; Shanmugaratnam, K

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910130304

Cited by 93 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Studies in other areas of the world have shown that oesophageal cancer cases are often poorer than the general population (Wvnder & Bross, 1961;Martinez, 1969;de Jong et al, 1974). However, the complexity of the societies in which these studies were performed obscures any clear interpretation of the role socio-economic differences might play.…”

Section: Results Of Repeat Interviewingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: Results of a case-control study

Cook-Mozaffari¹,

Azordegan²,

Day³

et al. 1979

Br J Cancer

209

116

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Summary.-The results are presented of a case-control study conducted in the north of Iran. The main aim was to study factors identified in a previous study as potentially causally related to cancer of the oesophagus. Other tumours (lung, stomach, breast, large bowel, larynx and pharynx) were included to distinguish findings specific for oesophageal cancer from general characteristics of cancer patients, due for example to ascertainment bias, and to verify that expected associations, such as between lung cancer and cigarette smoking, would emerge under the prevailing field conditions. Two controls were chosen per case, matched for village of residence, age, sex and language group. Reinterviewing was performed to a limited extent to assess the accuracy of replies to questionnaires. The following were found not to be associated with oesophageal cancer: consumption of sheep's milk and yoghurt, sesame oil, chewing of nass, making of carpets, use of pregnancy diets, salting and sun-drying of meat and use of wild spinach. The use of opium, bread and tea could not be assessed in the retrospective framework. Strongly associated with risk of oesophageal cancer were low socio-economic status and low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables. The two factors each had an independent effect, and were more marked for oesophageal cancer than for the other tumours.

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Section: Results Of Repeat Interviewingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: Results of a case-control study

Cook-Mozaffari¹,

Azordegan²,

Day³

et al. 1979

Br J Cancer

209

116

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“…High consumptions of fruits and vegetables have been associated with a reduction on the risk of esophageal cancer in many epidemiological studies. 11,18,19 A nutritional intervention trial of multiple vitamin and minerals in Linxian during 1985-1991 revealed that a combination of beta-carotene, vitamin E and selenium supplements could effectively lowing the risk of esophageal and gastric cardia cancer. 28,29 It was estimated that the combined attributable risk due to dietary risk factors, smoking and alcohol drinking were 89% according to a case-control study in Hong Kong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 A hospital-based casecontrol study showed that Singapore-born Chinese have only about 40% of the risk of esophageal cancer of that born in China; moreover, significantly elevated risk was associated with Teochew and Hokkien dialect groups. 11 The striking geographic, racial and temporal variations in the occurrence of esophageal cancer could be attributable to environmental risk factors alone or their interactions with genetics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 People from either Fukkien (Fujian) province or Teochew (Chaozhou) in Southeast China have been recognized to be at high risk of esophageal cancer. 11 However, there has been no substantial changes in the place of original (ethnic origin) among Hong Kong residents in recent decades, [30][31][32] implying a stable genetic background in the Hong Kong population. The esophagus has been shown the only site where the China-born have a substantially higher risk according to a case-control study in Singapore.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Time trends of esophageal cancer in Hong Kong: Age, period and birth cohort analyses

Tse

Mang

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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This study was to examine the time trend of the incidence rates of esophageal cancer during the period in Hong Kong and to identify the effects of year of diagnosis (period) and year of birth (cohort) on the observed time trends using regression models. Cancer incidence data were obtained from Hong Kong Cancer Registry and population data were from the Census and Statistics Department. Age-standardized incidence rates were computed by the direct method using the World population of 1966. Annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rate was calculated using nonlinear regression. Period and cohort effects were assessed using 2 separate Poisson regression models after adjusting for age. During the period 1979-2003, a steady decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate was observed for both males (APC 5 23.38%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.89%, 23.86%) and females (APC 5 23.92%, 95% CI: 23.15%, 24.69%). The incidence rates were consistently higher among males than females. After the adjustment for age and with the period 1989-1993 or birth cohort of 1934-1938 as reference, the relative risk of more recent periods or birth cohorts significantly decreased. The age-cohort model provided a better description of the data than the age-period model. Given reasonable latency between exposures and esophageal cancer incidence, the declining birth cohort effects in the recent generations were in line with the increased intakes of fresh vegetables and decreased consumptions of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and preserved foods observed in population, thus supported their importance in influencing the burden of esophageal cancer. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Islami et al (2009) suggested that the common hot beverages or fluids consumption in both sexes may have a role in carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer. Correlation between drinking hot beverages and risk of esophageal cancer has been demonstrated in many studies from different part of the world (De Jong et al, 1974;Launoy et al, 1997;Castellsague et al, 2000;Mir et al, 2009;Rasouli et al, 2011). It is believed that this long lasting and spontaneous thermal irritation is likely to damage the esophagus and may facilitate carcinogen through the esophagus lining (Sadjadi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%