Aetiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy

Nayak, N. C.; Panda, Subrat Kumar; Datta, Rakesh; Zuckerman, Arie J.; Guha, Dipak; Madanagopalan, N; Buckshee, K

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00846.x

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is estimated that about 2 billion people, one-third of the world's population, live in areas where HEV infection is endemic (1). Although the disease is generally self-limited, fulminant hepatitis with increased mortality has been reported for a small fraction of patients, especially pregnant women (17,33). Recently classified as the only member of the genus Hepevirus of the family Hepeviridae, HEV has a 7.2-kb capped, polyadenylated, positive-sense RNA genome that contains three open reading frames (ORFs).…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Causes An Acute Self-limiting Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Delays Degradation of Activated Growth Factor Receptors by Interacting with CIN85 and Blocking Formation of the Cbl-CIN85 Complex

Chandra

Kalia

Hajela

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an acute self-limiting disease that is endemic in developing countries.Previous studies suggested that the ORF3 protein (pORF3) of HEV is required for infection in vivo and is likely to modulate the host response. Our previous work showed that pORF3 localizes to early and recycling endosomes and causes a delay in the postinternalization trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to late endosomes/lysosomes. Here we report that pORF3 also delays the trafficking and degradation of activated hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) and delineate the mechanistic details of these effects. A mutant ORF3 protein, which does not localize to endosomes, also showed similar effects on growth factor receptor trafficking, making this effect independent of the endosomal localization of pORF3. The ORF3 protein was found to interact with CIN85, a multidomain adaptor protein implicated in the Cbl-mediated downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases. This interaction competed with the formation of the growth factor receptorCbl-CIN85 complex, resulting in the reduced ubiquitination of CIN85 and trafficking of the growth factor receptor complex toward late endosomes/lysosomes. We propose that through its effects on growth factor receptor trafficking, pORF3 prolongs endomembrane growth factor signaling and promotes cell survival to contribute positively to viral replication and pathogenesis.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne pathogen and the causative agent of hepatitis E. It is transmitted feco-orally and causes large outbreaks as well as sporadic disease (21, 37). While this disease is endemic in developing countries of Asia, Africa, and South America, significant levels of seropositivity in residents of developed countries have also been observed, which is possibly linked to the zoonotic transmission of HEV (25,34). It is estimated that about 2 billion people, one-third of the world's population, live in areas where HEV infection is endemic (1). Although the disease is generally self-limited, fulminant hepatitis with increased mortality has been reported for a small fraction of patients, especially pregnant women (17,33). Recently classified as the only member of the genus Hepevirus of the family Hepeviridae, HEV has a 7.2-kb capped, polyadenylated, positive-sense RNA genome that contains three open reading frames (ORFs). The orf1 gene encodes a viral nonstructural polyprotein, orf2 codes for the viral capsid protein, and orf3 encodes a small protein that is proposed to optimize the host cell environment for viral replication (5,6,16,18,30,31). A role for pORF3 in the release of HEV from infected cells was also proposed recently (46). While orf3 appears to be dispensable for HEV replication in replicon-transfected cells (9), it was required for the in vivo infection of monkeys experimentally infected by the intrahepatic inoculation of the viral RNA genome (10). The requirement of pORF3 for infectivity in pigs inoculated with HEV was also demonstrated previously (15).The orf3 gene o...

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Section: Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Causes An Acute Self-limiting Diseasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Delays Degradation of Activated Growth Factor Receptors by Interacting with CIN85 and Blocking Formation of the Cbl-CIN85 Complex

Chandra

Kalia

Hajela

et al. 2010

J Virol

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“…But recent reports, although conflicting, challenge this belief (7). Some studies have suggested a possible effect of hepatitis B on low birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormalities (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Since awareness of hepatitis B effects on pregnancy outcomes is important for both patients and health care providers and the study results are controversial, we decided to do this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Maternal Inactive Hepatitis B Status and Birth-Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ebrahimi

Keramat

Yunesian

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Context: Hepatitis is a term used to describe any type of hepatitis inflammation. Screening for the virus antigen during pregnancy is mandatory in some parts of the world and is recommended in others. so that, most women are aware of and understand the disease if they have it when they are pregnant. Thus, the major concerns of these women are both the virus transmission to the fetus and the effects of hepatitis B on pregnancy outcome.Evidence Acquisition: According to a specific protocol, we searched in the Pub med, Scopus, ISI web of science from 1990 to February 2015 to find the original articles, which investigated the hepatitis B effects in pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy who were previously diagnosed with inactive CHB or were incidentally found to be HBsAg positive in routine antenatal blood test. We included any cohort, case control and cross sectional studies if they had a healthy control group and reported one or more considered maternal or prinatal outcomes in pregnant women. Meta-analysis was performed with Review manager 5.4 and Stata 11 software. We assessed the effect size that was pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random effects model. We explored statistical heterogeneity using the chi-squared (Chi2), I2 and tau-squared (Tau2) statistical tests.Results: From a total of 156 identified studies, 56 studies were chosen for a detailed review, and 18 studies which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the meta analysis. Among the included studies, the outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA) large for gestational age (LGA), intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal distress, fifth minutes apgar score, first minute Apgar score, low birth weight (LBW) and Fetal Macrosomia. Conclusions:In this study, hepatitis B had a cause effect on LGA and fetal Macrosomia. Among the other considered adverse pregnancy outcomes; it didn't have any significant effect.Keywords: Hepatitis B, Neonatal Outcome, Prenatal Outcome ContextHepatitis is a term used to describe any type of hepatitis inflammation (1). Various factors such as hepatitis viruses, medicines, toxins, alcohol, etc. can lead to hepatitis. Among these, viral hepatitis is one of the main causes of premature death in humans. Babies who are born to infected mothers, intravenous drug users, persons with multiple sexual partners, frequent recipients of blood and blood products, dialysis patients and health personnel are at greater risk. Among viral hepatitis, hepatitis B has become a global problem (2). Despite the progress that has occurred in antiretroviral therapy, the number of people who die due to chronic hepatitis B infection and the number of cancer cases associated with hepatitis B, are increasing (3). It is estimated that about 2 billion people worldwide have serologic evidence of hepatitis B, of which 240 million are chronic carriers and one of which dies due to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma each year (2). The prevalence of hepatitis B carriers in the world is...

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“…HEV is primarily transmitted through a fecal-oral route by the consumption of contaminated water (22,36). A grave feature of HEV infection is the unusually high rates of mortality (from about 20 to 30%) that are observed with pregnant women as a result of fulminant liver disease (18,24,37,40,41). Recently, the virus has been reclassified in the genus Hepevirus of the family Hepeviridae.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Isolates and Determination of the Seroprevalence of HEV in Korea

et al. 2005

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Recently, HEV isolates were subsequently identified in humans and swine in many countries, including Korea. Also, public concerns regarding HEV as a potential zoonotic agent have been increasing. Therefore, we attempted to identify HEV from Korean sera and compare the nucleotide sequences with those of previously identified HEV isolates from other countries. In our study, viral RNA was purified from 568 human sera collected from different regions of Korea. Nested PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were developed based on the nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) of U.S. and Japanese HEV isolates from humans and Korean HEV isolates from swine. After amplification of the HEV ORF 2 gene from 14 serum samples that were collected mainly from rural areas (2.64% prevalence of HEV viremia), the gene was cloned and sequenced. The isolates were classified into seven different strains, all of which belonged to genotype III. The human isolates we identified were closely related to three Korean swine isolates, with 99.2 to 92.9% nucleotide sequence homology. Our isolates were also related to the Japanese and U.S. HEV isolates, with 99.6 to 97.9% amino acid sequence homology. Human sera were collected from 361 individuals from community health centers and medical colleges. With respect to seroprevalence, 11.9% of the Korean population had anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG). In individuals ranging in age from 40 to over 60 years, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was demonstrated by a seroprevalence of almost 15%, especially among populations in rural areas. This is the first report on the identification of human HEV in Korea. Overall, this study demonstrates that subclinical HEV infections may prevail in human populations in Korea and that there is a strong possibility that HEV is a zoonotic agent.

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Aetiology and outcome of acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

The ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Delays Degradation of Activated Growth Factor Receptors by Interacting with CIN85 and Blocking Formation of the Cbl-CIN85 Complex

The ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Delays Degradation of Activated Growth Factor Receptors by Interacting with CIN85 and Blocking Formation of the Cbl-CIN85 Complex

Maternal Inactive Hepatitis B Status and Birth-Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Identification of Novel Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Isolates and Determination of the Seroprevalence of HEV in Korea

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