Aetiology of acquired blepharoptosis in young adults

Abstract

The cause of acquired blepharoptosis can usually be established by an appropriate history and examination, with additional diagnostic tests sometimes required. Nearly half of all young adult ptosis is related to trauma or acquired anophthalmos. Around one in eight young adults have blepharoptosis of unknown cause, a group warranting further study.

More than meets the eye: a comprehensive review of blepharoptosis

“…Involved neural pathways primarily include the oculomotor nerve (CN-III) and the sympathetic nervous system. Studies estimating the prevalence of neurogenic ptosis in oculoplastic practice have found that it accounts for 5%-15% of ptosis referrals depending on the featured age demographic [8,15,28] .…”

“…Horner syndrome (HS) occurs secondary to a disruption in the sympathetic nervous system that extends from the posterolateral hypothalamus to the iris dilator muscle and Müller's muscle. Incidence in two oculoplastic referral centers found that HS represented 1%-2% of new ptosis presentations [8,16,28] . As an acquired condition, HS manifests as a mild 1-2 mm neurogenic ptosis, pupillary miosis, and/or anhidrosis that are ipsilateral to the location of the sympathetic damage.…”

Pediatric-acquired Idiopathic Blepharoptosis with the Eyelids Being Habitually Opened Using the Frontalis Muscle

“…1–3 In previous reports, 0%–15.7% and 12.4% of cases of acquired blepharoptosis in children and youths, respectively, were diagnosed with idiopathic ptosis. 1–4…”

“…[1][2][3] In previous reports, 0%-15.7% and 12.4% of cases of acquired blepharoptosis in children and youths, respectively, were diagnosed with idiopathic ptosis. [1][2][3][4] A large-scale study of surgery for pediatric blepharoptosis has been reported. 2 However, no case series study of surgery, especially for pediatric-acquired blepharoptosis, has been reported; no studies on surgery for pediatric patients with acquired and idiopathic blepharoptosis have been reported either.…”