Aetiology of male urethritis in patients recruited from a population with a high HIV prevalence

Sturm, Patrick; Moodley, Prashini; Khan, Nasreen; Ebrahim, Sumayyah; Govender, Kumeren; Connolly, Cathy; Sturm, A. Willem

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.004

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, this lower prevalence has also been reported in more recent studies such as the one from KZN (52%) [3] and a recent study form our centre in Pretoria (39%) [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…more than one pathogen detected) of 8% (20 of 253). The infection rate in a similar study also using molecular diagnostic assays in a high HIV prevalence area of South Africa for the same three pathogens was 74% [3]. The similarity between these studies is reflected by the diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae being 45% vs. 52%; C. trachomatis 15% vs. 16% and T. vaginalis 6% in each study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This was in an era where laboratory testing for chlamydial infection was reliant on culture and antigen detection methods. It is also a striking similarity that using molecular techniques, the KZN study found a 16% rate of infection [3] and a more recent study from Johannesburg reported 19% [8]. When analyzing the type of symptoms, N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were detected from significantly higher number of individuals presenting with a visible urethral discharge (56.0% and 16.0%) as compared to those presenting with only BOM (32.5% and 4.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…It must be noted that the HIV status was not determined in our study. However, the study from KwaZulu Natal (KZN) reported a 45% HIV prevalence and the HIV status did not affect the prevalence of the urethral pathogens [3]. However, in the current study, we looked at signs and symptoms of men with urethritis and information on the sexual contacts of symptomatic males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The symptoms of this condition include urethral discharge and/or burning on micturition (BOM) and occasionally dysuria. The established sexually transmitted pathogens implicated in the aetiology of urethritis include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K strains) and Trichomonas vaginalis whilst the pathogen status of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum is unclear [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Co-Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis in Symptomatic South African Men with Urethritis: Implications for Syndromic Management

Jongh¹,

Roux²,

Adam³

et al. 2009

TOTMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Background: This study was undertaken to determine co-infection rates of common aetiological agents of urethritis and information regarding sexual contacts of symptomatic males presenting to a family practitioner. Methods: Endo-urethral swab specimens were collected from 253 symptomatic men and tested for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis by the BD ProbeTec ™ ET assay and for T. vaginalis by real-time PCR. Information regarding sexual behaviour was collected by the practitioner using a structured interview. Results: Of the 253 patients investigated, 50 complained of urethral discharge with/without burning on micturition (BOM), the remaining 203 only complained of BOM. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from 45%, C. trachomatis from 15% and T. vaginalis from 5.5%. N. gonorrhoeae/C. trachomatis co-infection was diagnosed in 7.5% and T. vaginalis was detected in a higher number of males presenting without visible discharge. Similar number of men reported sexual contact only with their wives compared to men having casual sexual contacts. There were fewer gonococcal infections in men reporting sexual contact with their wives alone compared to men reporting casual sexual encounters. Conclusions: Treatment guidelines for men presenting to Primary Health Care facilities and Family Practitioners need to consider the evolving antimicrobial resistance profiles and the presence of mixed infections in symptomatic patients.

show abstract

“…However, this lower prevalence has also been reported in more recent studies such as the one from KZN (52%) [3] and a recent study form our centre in Pretoria (39%) [5].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%