Aetiology of ulcerative colitis.

Dombal, F. T. de; Burch, P.R.J.; Watkinson, G.

doi:10.1136/gut.10.4.270

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…With the advent of new molecular techniques and animal models, the mysteries of the human microbiota are beginning to be unraveled, especially in the GI system where bacteria appear to regulate host immune responses 8–10. The gut is the home of the largest number of bacteria and, not surprisingly, the first large-scale human microbiota studies were conducted using GI tissues 11,12. The initial hypothesis was that most microorganisms residing in the GI tract caused human disease 13.…”

Section: What Is the Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 – 10 The gut is the home of the largest number of bacteria and, not surprisingly, the first large-scale human microbiota studies were conducted using GI tissues. 11 , 12 The initial hypothesis was that most microorganisms residing in the GI tract caused human disease. 13 However, with careful investigation, it became clear that many bacteria in the GI tract were in fact beneficial to humans.…”

Section: What Is the Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial microbiome of lungs in COPD

Sze¹,

Hogg²,

Sin³

2014

COPD

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death in the world. Although smoking is the main risk factor for this disease, only a minority of smokers develop COPD. Why this happens is largely unknown. Recent discoveries by the human microbiome project have shed new light on the importance and richness of the bacterial microbiota at different body sites in human beings. The microbiota plays a particularly important role in the development and functional integrity of the immune system. Shifts or perturbations in the microbiota can lead to disease. COPD is in part mediated by dysregulated immune responses to cigarette smoke and other environmental insults. Although traditionally the lung has been viewed as a sterile organ, by using highly sensitive genomic techniques, recent reports have identified diverse bacterial communities in the human lung that may change in COPD. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the lung microbiota in COPD and its potential implications for pathogenesis of the disease.

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Section: What Is the Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is the Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial microbiome of lungs in COPD

Sze¹,

Hogg²,

Sin³

2014

COPD

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“…Furthermore, the disease is rare in Western industrialized countries, while it is still occasionally imported from tropical sites of endemicity [7]. Therefore, it is likely to be overlooked or, even more dangerous, confused with immunological diseases like the chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or even Behçet's disease [21] and carcinoma [22] requiring completely different therapeutic approaches. Enteric tuberculosis, pseudomembranous colitis and even proctitis-associated sexually transmitted infections have been described as potential infectious differential diagnoses as well [23][24][25].…”

Section: European Journal Of Microbiology and Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Colitis caused by Entamoeba histolytica identified by real-time-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue

Müller¹,

Frickmann

Tannich

et al. 2022

EuJMI

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Intestinal amoebiasis in a 35-year-old German patient with a 3 weeks travel history in Indonesia was initially misidentified as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory-drug associated colitis in colonoscopy and histopathological analysis. Furthermore, initial stool examination by microscopy and Entamoeba faecal antigen ELISA did not reveal any protozoan infection. When cessation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and mesalazine treatment did not lead to clinical improvement, the patient presented to a specialist for tropical diseases. An intensive reinvestigation including a workup of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colonic biopsies by molecular analysis with real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) proofed the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica colitis. Molecular methods including real-time PCR and FISH for the diagnosis of amoebiasis from histopathological samples are rarely used for the diagnosis of E. histolytica infections. Bloody diarrhoea vanished after the onset of metronidazole treatment. In conclusion, the here-presented case demonstrates how modern molecular diagnostics may help to diagnose E. histolytica-associated colitis, even from difficult specimens like paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue.

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“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common form of inflammatory bowel disease, and is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract ( 1 ). UC-associated cancer (UCAC) is thought to arise from widespread alterations caused by a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as host and microbial influences, and is also known as an inflammation dysplasia carcinoma sequence, which differs from sporadic colon cancer ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of trefoil factor‑3 expression in the rectum is associated with the development of ulcerative colitis‑associated cancer

et al. 2018

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Diagnostic markers facilitate more selective screening and treatment strategies for ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer (UCAC). The expression of trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), which is involved in mucosal protection and repair in the gastrointestinal tract, was analyzed and its significance for UCAC was evaluated. A total of 145 patients with UC who underwent proctocolectomies were enrolled, including 15 patients (10.8%) with UCAC. TFF3 expression in the rectal mucosa and in cancer cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the expression in UCAC and sporadic colorectal cancer was compared. Analyzing the mucinous granules of goblet cells located in crypts revealed that the non-cancerous rectal mucosa of patients with UCAC had significantly lower mean TFF3 staining scores compared with patients with UC without UCAC or patients with sporadic cancer. TFF3 staining score was revealed to be an independent predictor of UCAC development. These results indicated that low TFF3 expression in the rectal mucosa was associated with the development of UCAC. Thus, TFF3 expression in the rectal mucosa may be a useful biomarker for monitoring patients with UC.

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Aetiology of ulcerative colitis.

Cited by 22 publications

References 75 publications

Bacterial microbiome of lungs in COPD

Bacterial microbiome of lungs in COPD

Colitis caused by Entamoeba histolytica identified by real-time-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue

Downregulation of trefoil factor‑3 expression in the rectum is associated with the development of ulcerative colitis‑associated cancer

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