Affect Attunement, Attachment, Temperament, and Zygosity: A Twin Study

Szajnberg, Nathan; Škrinjarić, Jarmila; Moore, Amy M.

doi:10.1097/00004583-198903000-00017

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The construct of attunement (bringing into harmony) has been used in many disciplinary topics in child development as a descriptive-explanatory framework to model the attentional and intentional processes underlying stability and change (e.g., Drake, Jones, & Baruch, 2000; Legerstee, Markova, & Fisher, 2007; Szajnberg, Skrinjaric, & Moore, 1989). The speech attunement framework posits that the acquisition of articulate speech and appropriate prosody-voice requires a child to ‘tune in’ to the oral communications of the ambient community and to ‘tune up’ the phonological and phonetic behaviors subserving intelligible and socially appropriate speech, prosody, and voice production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hypothesis of Apraxia of Speech in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Shriberg

Paul

Black

et al. 2010

J Autism Dev Disord

152

136

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In a sample of 46 children aged 4 to 7 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and intelligible speech, there was no statistical support for the hypothesis of concomitant Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). Perceptual and acoustic measures of participants' speech, prosody, and voice were compared with data from 40 typically-developing children, 13 preschool children with Speech Delay, and 15 participants aged 5 to 49 years with CAS in neurogenetic disorders. Speech Delay and Speech Errors, respectively, were modestly and substantially more prevalent in participants with ASD than reported population estimates. Double dissociations in speech, prosody, and voice impairments in ASD were interpreted as consistent with a speech attunement framework, rather than with the motor speech impairments that define CAS. Key Words: apraxia, dyspraxia, motor speech disorder, speech sound disorder A continuing question about persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is whether reported diminished abilities in gross, fine, and oral motor control are causally associated with reported deficits in speech acquisition and performance. The classification term for the speech deficit in question, recently adapted by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA;2007a, 2007b, is Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). Medical literatures and speech literatures in other countries continue to prefer several other classificatory terms for this disorder, including dyspraxia and developmental verbal dyspraxia. "Childhood" apraxia of speech differentiates congenital and early acquired forms of apraxia of speech from adult acquired forms, but creates a nosological problem because childhood apraxia of speech generally persists into adulthood. We will use the ASHA (2007a) recommended term-CAS.The strong form of the hypothesis in the title of this paper, hereafter, the 'CAS-ASD' hypothesis, is that CAS is a sufficient cause of lack of speech development in at least some children classified as nonverbal ASD. The weak form of the CAS-ASD hypothesis is that CAS contributes to the inappropriate speech, prosody, and/or voice features reported in some children and adults with verbal ASD. Although the present report addresses only the weak form of the hypotheses, the conceptual framework and implications for treatment NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript apply to both forms of the hypothesis. Forthcoming research addresses the strong form of the hypothesis. The following sections provide (a) rationales for the CAS-ASD hypothesis, (b) an overview of idiopathic speech sound disorders, and (c) a summary of speech, prosody, and voice findings in verbal ASD. Rationales for the CAS-ASD HypothesisThe American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Position Statement recommends the following definition of CAS:Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological childhood (pediatric) speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscula...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hypothesis of Apraxia of Speech in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Shriberg

Paul

Black

et al. 2010

J Autism Dev Disord

152

136

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“…Previous studies of attachment relevant to genetic and environmentally mediated processes. Despite the large number of genetically informative studies of parenting, such studies of attachment are rare, and existing twin studies are too small to determine whether concordance differs significantly by zygosity (Goldberg, Perrotta, Minde, & Corter, 1986;Szajnberg, Skrinjaric, & Moore, 1989;Vandell, Owen, Wilson, & Henderson, 1988). A summary of infant attachment data on twins suggested high concordance in both MZ and DZ pairs, and no genetic mediation (Ricciuti, 1992), but the small sample size precluded any firm conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Twin Study of Attachment in Preschool Children

2001

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The degree to which individual differences in child-parent attachment were mediated by genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental influences was investigated. One hundred and ten preschool-aged twin pairs (N = 220) were assessed in the Strange Situation and coded using conventional four-way classifications and a continuous measure of attachment security. The degree of sibling similarity in attachment was substantial, with an overall concordance rate of 67% at the secure/insecure level. The degree of concordance was equally high in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, 70% and 64%, respectively, suggesting little genetic influence but a moderate degree of discordance. Twin similarity on the continuous measure of attachment security was r(57) = .48 and r(53) = .38 for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, respectively, also consistent with a modest role for genetic influence but a significant effect for shared and nonshared environment. The implications for genetic influences on the environment and for understanding nonshared and shared environmental influences are discussed.

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“…This helps children to detach from parents. However, twins often develop a safe relationship with their parents and simultaneously with their twin sibling (Szajnberg, Skrinjaric, & Moore, 1989). According to studies, twins find it easier to detach from parents and start exploring their environment together because their mutual relationship makes them feel safe even when parents are not present (Gottfried, Seay, & Leake, 1994).…”

Section: Research On Identical Twinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Did I Become Me?—Identical Female Twins Describe the Development of Their Individuality

Määttä¹,

Päiveröinen²,

Määttä³

et al. 2016

JEDP

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The purpose of this study was to describe the development of individuality and identity in female twins in the light of their upbringing experiences as described by themselves. Twin studies have traditionally been quantitative comparisons to singletons. On the one hand, research has drawn a mythical picture of twins, and one the other hand, studies have focused on the difficulties of growing as a separate, individual person. This was a qualitative study in which five Finnish identical female twins participated. They were interviewed with a themed interview method. In addition, they were asked to write about their upbringing and childhood. The sets of data were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. The results show that the twins' identity development was challenged with clues given by their parents, from school and wider community, as well as by the impression they themselves had given to others about twinhood. Their individuality developed within the interaction between the sense of belonging together and other social relationships. The study also shows the important role of upbringing in identity development.

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Affect Attunement, Attachment, Temperament, and Zygosity: A Twin Study

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

The Hypothesis of Apraxia of Speech in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Hypothesis of Apraxia of Speech in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Twin Study of Attachment in Preschool Children

How Did I Become Me?—Identical Female Twins Describe the Development of Their Individuality

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