Affecting Factors of Plant Phyllosphere Microbial Community and Their Responses to Climatic Warming—A Review

Abstract

Phyllosphere microorganisms are not only an important part of plants, but also an important part of microorganisms. In this review, the function of phyllosphere microorganisms, the assembly mechanism of phyllosphere microorganisms, the driving factors of phyllosphere microbial community structure, and the effects of climate warming on phyllosphere microbial community structure were reviewed. Generally, phyllosphere microorganisms have a variety of functions (e.g., fixing nitrogen, promoting plant growth). Although selection and dispersal processes together regulate the assembly of phyllospheric microbial communities, which one of the ecological processes is dominant and how external disturbances alter the relative contributions of each ecological process remains controversial. Abiotic factors (e.g., climatic conditions, geographical location and physical and chemical properties of soil) and biological factors (e.g., phyllosphere morphological structure, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and plant species and varieties) can affect phyllosphere microbial community structure. However, the predominant factors affecting phyllosphere microbial community structure are controversial. Moreover, how climate warming affects the phyllosphere microbial community structure and its driving mechanism have not been fully resolved, and further relevant studies are needed.

Microbiological quality of different tea grades produced in diverse agro-climatic regions in Sri Lanka

“…The growth of phyllosphere microorganisms depends on the nitrogen and phosphorus contents which are in turn governed by the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The soil's microbial population serves as a crucial storage reservoir for phyllosphere microorganisms [ 34 ]. Therefore, it appears that identification of individual microorganisms present in tea grades collected from different elevations and/or agro-climatic regions might be useful to some extent to assess the variations in physical and chemical quality of the final tea grades.…”

Antifungal Activity of Phyllospheric Bacteria Isolated from Coffea arabica against Hemileia vastatrix

“…Related studies on olive’s phyllosphere have identified bacteria from the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla [ 34 ]. Other studies with different crops have found that Methalobacterium , Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas genera were predominant [ 35 ]. When all fourteen microorganisms were tested in in vitro inhibition assays against H. vastatrix , only three were able to inhibit rust germination effectively, similar to the chemical control.…”

Between Habitats: Transfer of Phytopathogenic Fungi along Transition Zones from Kettle Hole Edges to Wheat Ears

“…The advancing climate change is expected to cause a shift in the population of pathogenic fungi in crop plants [ 7 , 61 , 62 ]. Fusarium infestation will likely decrease, as they require constant high moisture for their development [ 6 , 63 ].…”

“…Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world [ 3 ], but unfavorably, wheat is highly susceptible to fungal infections. Fusarium and Alternaria fungi are responsible for prominent infections of various crops, including summer and winter wheat [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”