Affective disorder—VII: Alcoholism and affective disorder

Pitts, Ferris N.; Winokur, George

doi:10.1016/0022-3956(66)90013-6

Cited by 116 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was also recently demonstrated that the fre quency of depression in families of alcoholics is significantly higher than in the general pop ulation [Amark. 1951;Pitts and Winokur, 1966;Winokur andClayton, 1967, 1968;Winokur and Pitts, 1965], These data justify the hypothesis that depression plays an im portant role in some forms of alcoholism. Nevertheless, the results obtained with anti depressant drugs have on the whole been very unsatisfactory or contradictory.…”

Section: Preferential Medical Uses Of Trazodonesupporting

confidence: 67%

Trazodone, a New Avenue in the Treatment of Depression

Silvestrini¹,

Valeri²

1984

Psychopathology

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Pharmacological and biochemical data on trazodone are reviewed in order to compare this drug to imipramine and other tricyclics both from the point of view of the mechanism of action and preferential clinical indications. Trazodone tends to inhibit biochemical and pharmacological functions depending on the catecholaminergic system, whereas imipramine has a potentiating activity. However, both these drugs decrease the density of β-receptors following repeated administrations. Trazodone and imipramine have similar effects on the serotoninergic system. The two drugs also share an antinociceptive activity. It is stressed that this activity has been of critical importance in the discovery of trazodone. In fact, the development of this drug was based on the working hypothesis that a disturbance in the perception of unpleasant experience has a role in the pathogenesis of depression. Some medical implications of the α-blocking activity of trazodone are discussed. Trazodone is preferable to other antidepressant treatment when depression is associated with angle-closure glaucoma, cardiovascular disturbances depending on noradrenaline release, tremor, some psychotic conditions and alcoholism.

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Section: Preferential Medical Uses Of Trazodonesupporting

confidence: 67%

Trazodone, a New Avenue in the Treatment of Depression

Silvestrini¹,

Valeri²

1984

Psychopathology

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“…When including the study by Bleuler [14], based on a region of Switzerland having high rates of alcoholism, Merikangas was selective in choosing data from schizophrenics as controls, which found a seven-fold or more increase. She appears to have ignored the more appropriate data from surgical patient controls, which found a two-fold increase, consistent with the study by Pitts and Winokur [15]. This latter study appears to be the only one published in a peer reviewed journal, and even then it was prior to the era of modern epidemiology, when rigorous case-control methodology was developed.…”

Section: Understanding the Consequences Of Familial Aggregationsupporting

confidence: 56%

Genetic factors in alcohol use—a genetic epidemiological perspective

Hopper

1994

Drug and Alcohol Review

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The purpose of this paper is to put a genetic epidemiological perspective on the role of genetic factors involved in the susceptibility and expression of alcohol use. The consequences of familial aggregation in a trait is explained, and the evidence for familial aggregation in alcoholism is viewed critically. Methods for making inference about unmeasured genetic factors from family-based studies of twins, adoptees, etc. are examined. The meaning and limitations of "heritability" are explained. A summary of the literature regarding the possible role of genetic factors on several aspects of alcohol use, including alcohol metabolism, is presented. Some of the evidence for measured genetic factors related to alcoholism and alcohol use is examined. The basic requirements for justifying genetic screening for an adult onset condition, such as alcoholism, are outlined. It is concluded that, although behavioural geneticists have tended to overstate the case for a genetic aetiology, it may only be a matter of time before one or more genetic loci, which in some part determine susceptibility to problem drinking and alcohol abuse, are identified. Genetic screening programmes, however, are unlikely to be justified, especially given the lack of proven prevention strategies.

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“…The potential to identify neurobiological biomarkers associated with a shared vulnerability is largely supported by evidence that people with BD may have an inherited susceptibility to developing problems with alcohol, a theory which has been long hypothesized (Carmiol et al, 2014;Johnson and Leeman, 1977;Pitts and Winokur, 1966). This susceptibility is illustrated by familial and behavioural evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Alcohol use in bipolar disorder: A neurobiological model to help predict susceptibility, select treatments and attenuate cortical insult

Chitty

Lagopoulos

Hickie

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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In a series of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies we investigated the neurobiology related to alcohol use in young people with bipolar disorder. Impairments were identified across frontal and temporal representations of event-related potential and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers; mismatch negativity and in vivo glutathione, respectively. We propose these findings reflect impairments in the Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor and antioxidant capacity. This review seeks to place these findings within the broader literature in the context of two propositions:

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Affective disorder—VII: Alcoholism and affective disorder

Cited by 116 publications

References 16 publications

Trazodone, a New Avenue in the Treatment of Depression

Trazodone, a New Avenue in the Treatment of Depression

Genetic factors in alcohol use—a genetic epidemiological perspective

Alcohol use in bipolar disorder: A neurobiological model to help predict susceptibility, select treatments and attenuate cortical insult

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