Afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus: a combined retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase study in the rat

Canteras, Newton S.; Shammah‐Lagnado, Sara J.; Silva, Bomfim A.; Ricardo, Juarez A.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91087-w

Cited by 281 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…The lack of metabolic activation in the peribra chial pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus after STH stimulation in the present study is surprising, given that reciprocal connections between the STH and the pedunculopontine nucleus have been dem onstrated in the rat (Beckstead et al, 1979;Jackson and Crossman, 1981b;Hammond et al, 1983a;Rye et al, 1987;Takada et al, 1988;Granata and Kitai, 1989;Canteras et al, 1990). If the ventral part of the zona incerta was partially stimulated in our exper iments, the reciprocal connections between the zona incerta and the deep layers of the superior colliculi could have contributed to the collicular ac tivation observed at present.…”

Section: Effects Elicited In Motor Areasmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…1,1994 1982; Hammond and Yelnik, 1983;Kita et al, 1983b;Chang et al , 1984;Loopuijt and Van der Kooy, 1985) and electrophysiological (Hammond et al, 1978;Rouzaire-Dubois et al, 1984) studies, which demonstrate that the substantia nigra pars reticulata is a major target of the STH in the rat. Since there is no evidence for the existence of a nigrosubthalamic projection in the rat (Canteras et al, 1990), the well established subthalamonigral projection that has an excitatory nature (Hammond et aI. , 1978;Kitai and Kita, 1987;Nakanishi et al, 1987;Robledo and Feger, 1990;Brotchie and Cross man, 1991;Feger and Robledo, 1991) orthodromi cally mediates the metabolic activation of the sub stantia nigra.…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Metabolic Mapping of the Rat Brain during Unilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Tzagournissakis

Dermon

Savaki

1994

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary:The alterations in local metabolic activity of several anatomically distinct brain areas were investi gated by means of the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxY-D-[l-14C]glucose method in awake rats during uni lateral electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STH). Unilateral electrical stimulation of the STH in duced local metabolic activation (by 70% as compared with the control group), as well as distal metabolic acti vations in the substantia nigra reticulata (by 34%), globus pallidus (by 19%), entopeduncular nucleus (by 18%), deep layers of the superior colliculi (by 15%), and para fascicular thalamic nucleus (by 18%), ipsilaterally to the stimulated side. The ventrolateral motor thalamic nucleus as well as the limbic components, posterior cingulate cor tex, and anteroventral thalamic nucleus displayed bilat eral metabolic activations (by 20--28%). These results in dicate that, in addition to its known ipsilateral motor conThe subthalamic nucleus (STH) is generally con sidered to exert control over motor functions. The association of STH hypoactivity with the clinical syndrome of hemiballismus has long been docu mented (Whittier, 1947;Whittier and Mettler, 1949;Carpenter and Carpenter, 1951; Hammond et ai., 1979; Mitchel et ai., 1985a; Crossman, 1987 132nections, each STH is functionally related to the limbic system bilaterally. It is suggested that the STH is a site where the central motor information is accessible to the limbic system. Quantitative image analysis of individual serial sections in the STH, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus revealed a consistent dorsoventral pattern of to pographic interrelations. Stimulation of either the dorsal or the ventral subdivision of the STH induced always stronger activation in the dorsal compartment of the sub stantia nigra and in the ventral compartment of the globus pallidus. These results suggest that the earlier-described inversion of the dorsoventral functional correspondence between the substantia nigra and globus pallidus may be partly mediated via the subthalamic nerve cells projecting collateral axons to both these areas.

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Section: Effects Elicited In Motor Areasmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Metabolic Mapping of the Rat Brain during Unilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Tzagournissakis

Dermon

Savaki

1994

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…The STN receives a dense 5HT-containing innervation that arises from the dorsal raphe nucleus (Canteras et al, 1990;Mori et al, 1985). Furthermore, the STN has been shown to express several 5HT receptor subtypes, * Author for correspondence: Steven W, Johnson, MD, PhD, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97207 USA, Section Editor: Dr. Yoland Smith (neuropharmacology) Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The STN receives a dense 5HT-containing innervation that arises from the dorsal raphe nucleus (Canteras et al, 1990;Mori et al, 1985). Furthermore, the STN has been shown to express several 5HT receptor subtypes, including 5HT 1A , 5HT 1B , 5HT 2C , and 5HT 4 (Pompeiano et al, 1994;Wright et al, 1995;Bruinvels et al, 1993;Compan et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

5-HT inhibits synaptic transmission in rat subthalamic nucleus neurons in vitro

Shen

Johnson

2008

Neuroscience

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a pivotal role in normal and abnormal motor function. We used patch pipettes to study effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) on synaptic currents evoked in STN neurons by focal electrical stimulation of rat brain slices. 5HT (10 μM) reduced glutamatemediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) by 35 ± 4%. However, a much higher concentration of 5HT (100 μM) was required to inhibit GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) to a comparable extent. Concentration-response curves showed that the 5HT IC 50 for inhibition of IPSCs (20.2 μM) was more than 5-fold greater than the IC 50 for inhibition of EPSCs (3.4 μM). The 5HT-induced reductions in EPSCs and IPSCs were accompanied by increases in paired-pulse ratios, indicating that 5HT acts presynaptically to inhibit synaptic transmission. The 5HT1B receptor antagonist NAS-181 significantly antagonized 5HT-induced inhibitions of EPSCs and IPSCs. These studies show that 5HT inhibits synaptic transmission in the STN by activating presynaptic 5HT 1B receptors.Keywords presynaptic inhibition; EPSC; IPSC; 5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin; brain slice; patch clampThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a basal ganglia structure comprised of glutamate-containing neurons that project to the two output nuclei of the basal ganglia: substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus interna (Albin et al., 1995). By way of its glutamatergic projections, the STN plays an important role in normal and pathological motor behaviors. For example, excessive burst firing of STN neurons is thought to contribute to the akinesia of Parkinson's disease (Benedetti et al., 2004;Wichmann et al., 1994). The importance of the STN in the control of movement is also evidenced by the effective therapeutic effects of surgical lesions in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (Bergman et al., 1990) and high frequency STN stimulation in Parkinson's disease patients (Krack et al., 1998).Among the neurotransmitter systems that regulate STN neuronal activity, the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) have yet to be fully investigated. The STN receives a dense 5HT-containing innervation that arises from the dorsal raphe nucleus (Canteras et al., 1990;Mori et al., 1985). Furthermore, the STN has been shown to express several 5HT receptor subtypes, * Author for correspondence: Steven W, Johnson, MD, PhD, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97207 USA, Section Editor: Dr. Yoland Smith (neuropharmacology) Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. (Pompeiano et al., 1994;W...

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“…The subthalamic nucleus (STN), a small nucleus receiving major input from cortical and pallidal afferents and projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) (1)(2)(3)(4), has shown anticonvulsant activity in several animal seizure models, including flurothyl convulsions, kindled seizures, and genetic absence epilepsy (5)(6)(7)(8). Focal injection of muscimol, a ␥-aminobutyric acid subtype A (GABA-A)-receptor agonist, into the STN reduced susceptibility to flurothyl-induced generalized convulsions (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Seizures Is Frequency Dependent

2003

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Summary:Purpose: Animal studies and anecdotal human case reports have indicated that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may be a site of anticonvulsant action.Methods: We tested the hypothesis that continuous electrical stimulation of the STN inhibits seizures acutely. We determined the effects of three stimulation frequencies, 130 Hz, 260 Hz, and 800 Hz, on generalized clonic and tonic-clonic flurothyl seizures. Adult male rats were implanted with concentric bipolar stimulating electrodes in the STN bilaterally. After recovery, rats underwent flurothyl seizures to compare the effects of each stimulation frequency on seizure threshold. Rats were tested 4 times, twice in the stimulated condition, and twice in the unstimulated condition. The order of trials was random, except that stimulation trials alternated with control trials. Flurothyl seizure thresholds under each stimulation condition were compared with control values from the same animal.Results: Bilateral stimulation of the STN at 130 Hz produced a significant increase in the seizure threshold for clonic flurothyl seizures, whereas stimulation at 260 Hz did not appear to have any effect on seizures. STN stimulation at 800 Hz significantly lowered seizure threshold for tonic-clonic seizures.Conclusions: We conclude that electrical stimulation of the STN can be anticonvulsant, but the effects appear to depend on the stimulation frequency and the type of seizure.

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Afferent connections of the subthalamic nucleus: a combined retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase study in the rat

Cited by 281 publications

References 74 publications

Functional Metabolic Mapping of the Rat Brain during Unilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Functional Metabolic Mapping of the Rat Brain during Unilateral Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus

5-HT inhibits synaptic transmission in rat subthalamic nucleus neurons in vitro

The Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Seizures Is Frequency Dependent

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