Afferent Fibres in the Hypoglossal Nerve of Cat

Hanson, Jerker; Widén, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04698.x

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It seems likely that the explanation of observed hypoglosso-facial reflexes [Hanson and Widen, 1970;Lindquist and Martensson, 1970;Limansky et al, 1972;Lindquist, 1972b;Tanaka, 1975] in the cat is the same as for facio-facial reflexes since intracranial section of the vagus, and not the hypoglossal nerve will abolish the reflex [Hanson and Widen, 1970;Tanaka, 1975]. Our [Kugelberg, 1952;Rushworth, 1962].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…, as well as others [Hanson and Widen, 1970;Limansky, Pilyavsky and Gura, 1972;Pilyavsky, Limansky and Gura, 1972], have provided evidence for monosynaptic rubral and di-and poly-synaptic spinal trigeminal, solitary and spinal inputs to the facial nucleus of the cat. The acoustico-facial pathway also appears to be polysynaptic [Black-Cleworth, Woody and Niemann, 1975].…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physiological Studies on Facial Reflexes in the Rat

Martin

Biscoe

1977

Exp Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments were performed on 36 male albino rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide. Recordings were made with single and multibarrel glass microelectrodes in the facial nucleus and monopolar silver wire electrodes on the lingual, facial, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves. The absolute refractory period for facial motoneurones is 2-3 ms, the relative refractory period has a duration of 26-34 ms and the range in axonal conduction velocities is from 15 to 45 m.sec-1. No evidence for afferent fibres in the muscle branches of the facial and hypoglossal nerves could be found. The lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves show reflex connexions with both the facial and hypoglossal nerves. The time courses of the potentiations and depressions of test facial antidromic field potentials following lingual and glossopharyngeal conditioning stimuli are given. Evoked synaptic activity and the distribution of field potentials in the facial nucleus following lingual and glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation are also described. The observed lingual and glossopharyngeal-facial reflexes are discussed with respect to blink reflexes.It is held that the facial nucleus receives efferent fibres from the reticular formation, red nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, spinal cord and the trapezoid and superior olivary complex [Ramon y Cajal, 1952;Courville, 1966a;Martin and Dom, 1970;Mizuno and Nakamura, 1971]. Facial motoneurones do not receive direct afferent inputs from any of the cranial nerves and there is no anatomical evidence for a monosynaptic reflex arc [Szentagothai, 1948].

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Physiological Studies on Facial Reflexes in the Rat

Martin

Biscoe

1977

Exp Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to their extracranial connections with some other cranial nerves, the hypoglossal peripheral (sensory) fibers were reported to be related to cell bodies within the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (V) [3,8], or within the superior [8,10] and inferior [10] ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), or within the superior (jugular) [8,10] and inferior (nodose) [10,13] ganglia of the vagal nerve (X), or within the spinal ganglia of the C1, C2 and C3 segments [8,10]. Sensory cells have been also reported to be present along the extracranial course of the XII [6,12,13]. Froriep and Beck [4] first studied the dorsal root of the XII in the embryos of various mammals, and concluded that in ox and sheep the dorsal hypoglossal root and ganglion were strongly developed and constant for life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sci. 68(6): 533-536, 2006 Numerous anatomical [1,12,13] and electrophysiological studies [1,6,11] have been carried out to investigate peripheral fibers of the XII. Due to their extracranial connections with some other cranial nerves, the hypoglossal peripheral (sensory) fibers were reported to be related to cell bodies within the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (V) [3,8], or within the superior [8,10] and inferior [10] ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), or within the superior (jugular) [8,10] and inferior (nodose) [10,13] ganglia of the vagal nerve (X), or within the spinal ganglia of the C1, C2 and C3 segments [8,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of the Hypoglossal Dorsal Root and its Ganglia in Holstein Cattle

Bahar

Eken

Sur³

2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to describe morphologically and morphometrically the hypoglossal dorsal root and its ganglia, using heads of 20 adult Holstein cattle of both sexes. The dorsal root of the hypoglossal nerve (XII) has always an evident dorsal root ganglion (DRG) including the accessory in 30% (6 of heads) or satellite ganglia in 10% (2 of heads). There were statistically significant differences between the lengths (right: 8.64 ± 0.22 mm, left: 7.91 ± 0.31 mm, p<0.01) of peripheral roots of the DRG in male. Statistical significance existed in the lengths (right: 7.01 ± 0.43, left: 8.27 ± 0.47, p<0.05) of the central roots of the DRG in male. Since the histological findings showed that each ganglion placed on the dorsal root of the XII had the general feature of a spinal ganglion, it can be said that the XII has the intracranial peripheral (sensory) fibers and carry directly sensory input to the brain stem. In conclusion, the present study is the first to reveal the morphology of the hypoglossal dorsal root with ganglia in Holstein cattle. KEY WORDS: accessory ganglion, cranial nerve, morphometry, sensory neuron.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(6): 533-536, 2006 Numerous anatomical [1,12,13] and electrophysiological studies [1,6,11] have been carried out to investigate peripheral fibers of the XII. Due to their extracranial connections with some other cranial nerves, the hypoglossal peripheral (sensory) fibers were reported to be related to cell bodies within the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (V) [3,8], or within the superior [8,10] and inferior [10] ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), or within the superior (jugular) [8,10] and inferior (nodose) [10,13] ganglia of the vagal nerve (X), or within the spinal ganglia of the C1, C2 and C3 segments [8,10]. Sensory cells have been also reported to be present along the extracranial course of the XII [6,12,13]. Froriep and Beck [4] first studied the dorsal root of the XII in the embryos of various mammals, and concluded that in ox and sheep the dorsal hypoglossal root and ganglion were strongly developed and constant for life. Hollinger [7] also described that a dorsal root with a ganglion in the XII existed in a transitory manner in certain mammal embryos or fetuses (calf, pig, sheep, molossian dog, otter, rabbit), and then disappeared during ontogenesis but persisted mainly in the ungulated adult individuals.Recently, the dorsal root of the XII has been also grossly described in a rather superficial manner in the domestic ruminants [2,5]. Moreover, in the literature no morphological information on the intracranial segment of the XII of Holstein cattle is available at present. We thus decided to investigate morphologically and morphometrically the hypoglossal dorsal root and its ganglia in this species. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 20 heads of adult Holstein cattle of both sexes aged 3-4 years and weighing between 400-500 kg were used. All heads were obtained from the Kon-et Slaughterhouse in Konya, Turkey. After the extracranial soft ...

show abstract

“…BLOM, 1960;HOSOKAWA, 1961;ADATIA and GEHRING, 1971). The existence of afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of the cat appears to be currently established (GREEN and NEGISHI, 1963;SAUERLAND and MIZUNO, 1968;LINDQUIST and MARTENSSON , 1969;HANSON and WIDEN, 1970;NAKAMURA et al, 1970;ZAPATA and TORREALBA, 1971), but the nature of these fibers and the routes that they take into the central nervous system are still controversial.99 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies of Afferent Fibers in the Hypoglossal Nerve in the Cat: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation on the Lingual Mucosa Following Transection of the Nerve, and a Degeneration Study with Silver Impregnation Methods

Mizuno

Akimoto

Mochizuki

et al. 1973

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. Following transection of the nerves innervating the tongue, changes in the lingual mucosa of the cat were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Transection of the lingual nerve induced ipsilaterally marked changes in the lingual mucosa; ulcerous changes occurred within 48hrs after transection of the nerve. In contrast, even 30 days after transection of the hypoglossal nerve, no changes in the lingual mucosa were noted in spite of marked atrophy of the tongue musculature ipsilateral to the lesion. Therefore, the hypoglossal afferents do not seem to be of primary importance for nociception and coordinate movements of the tongue.An attempt was also made to locate the sensory ganglion of the hypoglossal afferents and the distribution of these fibers in the brain stem by means of the silver impregnation methods. Following intracranial rhizotomy of the hypoglossal nerve, no convincing findings could be obtained indicating termination in the brain stem of fibers running through the hypoglossal roots. Since the afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve could reach the brain stem via the roots of the vagus nerve after coursing through the anastomoses between the hypoglossal and vagus nerves, the following experiments were performed. Following intracranial transection of the roots of the vagus nerve, two groups of degenerated fibers were found in the brain stem; fibers in the solitary tract and those in the trigeminal system. The former were distributed to the entire extent of the ipsilateral solitary nucleus, to the commissural nucleus, and to the contralateral solitary nucleus at the level of the commissura infima; the latter were found to terminate in the interpolar subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and/or the juxtatrigeminal reticular formation. Following nodosectomy only the components in the solitary tract were degenerated. On the basis of the present and previous findings, it was inferred that at least the majority of the afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve reach the brain stem through the vagus roots, and that these fibers, belonging probably to the somatic system, have their ganglion cells in the jugular ganglion and terminate in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and/or the juxtatrigeminal reticular formation.Afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve have been the subject of many studies, particularly in connection with proprioceptive innervation of the tongue (cf. BLOM, 1960;HOSOKAWA, 1961;ADATIA and GEHRING, 1971). The existence of afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of the cat appears to be currently established (GREEN and NEGISHI, 1963;SAUERLAND and MIZUNO, 1968;LINDQUIST and MARTENSSON , 1969;HANSON and WIDEN, 1970;NAKAMURA et al., 1970;ZAPATA and TORREALBA, 1971), but the nature of these fibers and the routes that they take into the central nervous system are still controversial.99

show abstract

Afferent Fibres in the Hypoglossal Nerve of Cat

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Physiological Studies on Facial Reflexes in the Rat

Physiological Studies on Facial Reflexes in the Rat

The Morphology of the Hypoglossal Dorsal Root and its Ganglia in Holstein Cattle

Experimental Studies of Afferent Fibers in the Hypoglossal Nerve in the Cat: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation on the Lingual Mucosa Following Transection of the Nerve, and a Degeneration Study with Silver Impregnation Methods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About