Afferent Function in the Group of Nerve Fibers of Slowest Conduction Velocity

Clark, Donald L.; Hughes, Joseph; Gasser, Herbert S.

doi:10.1097/00005053-193608000-00026

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In the previous study (Burke et al, 1975), the sharp 'pricking' component ofthe electrical stimulus became apparent with the excitation of A-delta fibres, and further increases in stimulus intensity caused pricking pain without C fibre potentials being recorded. The transmission of pain sensation by C fibres has been inferred from reflex studies in animals (Clark et al, 1935) and has recently been confirmed in man (Torebjork and Hallin, 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

MacKenzie¹,

Burke²,

Skuse³

et al. 1975

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

244

132

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SYNOPSISIn awake human subjects, neural responses in radial nerves to electrical stimulation were recorded with intrafascicular tungsten microelectrodes. Changes in the activity of individual fibre groups during blocking procedures were recorded and correlated with simultaneous alterations in the perception of standardized stimuli. Light touch sensibility in hairy skin appeared to depend on the integrity of A-beta-gamma fibres, cold and pinprick on A-delta fibres, and warmth and dull pain on C fibres.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

MacKenzie¹,

Burke²,

Skuse³

et al. 1975

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

244

132

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“…There is also the possibility that the non-medullated afferents in the aortic nerve are visceral nociceptive fibres. Similar small C fibres in the somatic nerves are largely devoted to this function (Clark, Hughes & Gasser, 1935).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressor reflexes from medullated and non‐medullated fibres in the rabbit's aortic nerve

Douglas¹,

Ritchie²,

Schaumann³

1956

The Journal of Physiology

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It is commonly believed that the reflex fall in systemic blood pressure which results from electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve is due to excitation of the barosensory fibres. However, Douglas & Schaumann (1956) concluded from their experiments on the reflex effects of electrical stimulation of the cat's aortic nerve that this nerve must contain additional depressor afferents smaller than any barosensory fibres that have been recognized in it. These small afferents are not easily characterized in the cat because its aortic nerve is enclosed in the vagus throughout the greater part of its course. In the rabbit, on the other hand, the aortic nerve runs freely in the neck and is thus particularly suitable for experiments to correlate the reflex depressor effects obtained on stimulation of this nerve with its fibre components. Our study has revealed two distinct groups of afferents in the aortic nerve of the rabbit, both of which reflexly lower the blood pressure. The first group is composed of fastconducting fibres and contains the known barosensory afferents. The second group is made up of much smaller fibres which appear to be non-medullated, and whose reflex depressor effects are long-lasting and powerful. Non-medullated afferents have not previously been demonstrated in the buffer nerves.At present we do not know the nature of their receptors. METHODSAdult lop-eared rabbits were used and anaesthetized with 1-6-1-8 g/kg urethane given as a 25% solution into the marginal ear vein. Some animals required a further injection of the anaesthetic during the experiment. The right and left carotid arteries were tied, and the two vagi and both sympathetic nerves were sectioned. The right or left aortic nerve was identified as it joined one or other superior laryngeal nerve, and dissected downwards and cut a few centimetres from this junction. The freed nerve was placed on a pair of silver-silver chloride electrodes (about 3-4 mm inter-electrode distance) for stimulation, and kept in a liquid paraffin bath made by suitable * British Council Scholar.

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“…An enhanced response ("windup") was demonstrated when peripheral nerves were stimulated at C-fiber intensities (Mendell & Wall, 1965;Woolf, 1996). Clinically, windup has been reported in fibromyalgia patients compared to normal controls, suggesting that central sensitization contributes to processes uncerlying hyperalgesia and persistant pain states ( One type of extracellular recordings is the compound action potential (CAP) recording from nerves and fiber tracts, which records the various peaks related to the conduction velocity of various axon population in the peripheral nerve (Clark, Hughes, & Gasser, 1935;Gasser, 1941). Recording of CAPs in humans is crucial to determine the impulse conduction in the slowest fibers, which is correlated to the sensation of pain (Collins, Nulsen, & Randt, 1960;Heinbecker, Bishop, & O'Leary, 1933).…”

Section: Insert Figure 4 About Here ---------------------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions.

Gatchel¹,

Peng²,

Peters³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

2,599

1,903

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The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States today. As a result, there has been a recent explosion of research on chronic pain, with significant advances in better understanding its etiology, assessment and treatment. The purpose of the present article is to provide a review of the most noteworthy developments in the field. The biopsychosocial model is now widely accepted as the most heuristic approach to chronic pain. With this model in mind, a review of the basic neuroscience processes of pain (the bio part of biopsychosocial), as well as the psychosocial factors is presented. This spans research on how psychological and social factors can interact with brain processes to influence health and illness, to the development of new technologies, such as brain imaging, that provide new insights into brain-pain mechanisms.KEY WORDS: biopsychosocial; chronic pain; neuroscience of pain; pain and cognition; pain and emotion Biopsychosocial Approach to Chronic Pain 3The Biopsychosocial Approach to Chronic Pain: Scientific Advances and Future Directions During the past decade, there has been an explosion of research on chronic pain, with significant advances in understanding its etiology, assessment and treatment (Gatchel, 2004; Turk & Monarch, 2002). This research has important health care implications Epidemiological research has shown that chronic pain (loosely defined as prolonged and persistant pain of at least 3-months duration) and chronic recurrent pain (recurrent episodes of pain interspersed with pain free periods extending over months or years) affects 10% -20% of adults in the general population (Blyth et al., 2001; Gureje, Von Korff, Simon & Gater, 1998; Vehaak, Kerssens, Dekker, Sorbi & Bensing, 1998). For example, in a large-scale epidemiological study, Von Korff, Crane, Lane et al. (2005) estimated a 19% prevalence for chronic spinal pain (neck and back) in the U.S. in the previous year, and a 29% lifetime rate. The American Academy of Pain Management (2003) asserted that approximately 57% of all adult Americans reported experiencing recurrent or chronic pain in the past year. About 62% of those individuals reporting being in pain for more than 1 year, and 40% noted that they were constantly in pain. Indeed, as Gatchel (2004) has summarized that pain is a pervasive medical problem: it affects over 50 million Americans and costs more than $70 billion annually in health care costs and lost productivity; it accounts for more than 80% of all physician visits. Moreover, chronic pain is often associated with major comorbid psychiatric disorders and emotional suffering.As the above factors attest, the prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States. Moreover, individuals 50 years of age and older are twice as likely to have been diagnosed with chronic pain (Gatchel, 2004;. Currently, there are approximately 35 million Americans aged 65 years or older, accounting for 12.4% of t...

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Afferent Function in the Group of Nerve Fibers of Slowest Conduction Velocity

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block.

Depressor reflexes from medullated and non‐medullated fibres in the rabbit's aortic nerve

The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions.

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