Affinity-purification and characterization of caveolins from the brain: Differential expression of caveolin-1, -2, and -3 in brain endothelial and astroglial cell types

Caveolin proteins and estrogen signaling in the brain

“…Indeed, caveolar-like microdomains (CLMs) were termed as the neuronal counterpart to non-neuronal caveolae. More recently, however, various reports have demonstrated the expression off all three caveolin isoforms in neurons [29,30,[83][84][85][86]. Data described below is consistent with reports from non-neuronal tissue and the initial descriptions in Dominique Toran-Allerand's review that caveolin proteins play an essential role in brain membrane estrogen receptor function.…”

“…There are three known caveolin proteins, caveolin 1 (CAV1, with splice variants α and β), caveolin 2 (CAV2), and caveolin 3 (CAV3) [26][27][28]. CAV1 and CAV2 have overlapping expression patterns in a variety of cell types including, neurons and glia [29,30], endothelial [31], and epithelial cells [32]. Disruption of CAV2 expression does not affect caveolae formation in vivo [33], inasmuch it is hypothesized that CAV2 only forms caveolae as hetero-oligomers with CAV1, and not in isolation [34].…”

“…Notably, it was originally believed that expression of CAV3 was restricted to skeletal and smooth muscle cells [26,[37][38][39]. We now know this not to be the case, as expression of CAV3 is more widespread, including its presence in nervous tissue [30].…”

Cross-Linking of Brain Endothelial Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 Induces Association of ICAM-1 With Detergent-Insoluble Cytoskeletal Fraction

“…Caveolae are low density membrane microdomains that have been implicated in initiating the signaling events induced by growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor and endothelin-1, and receptors for these ligands are enriched within caveolae. 17 As expected, caveolin-1, a characteristic caveolar marker protein in the brain, 18 appeared to be retained in the Triton X-100 -insoluble fraction under basal conditions and after ICAM-1 crosslinking ( Figure 5D). Under basal ( Figure 5A) and ICAM-1 cross-linking conditions (data not shown), ICAM-1 and caveolin-1 showed no significant colocalization in GP8/3.9 cells, although data from sucrose density gradient fractionation of GP8/3.9 cell lysates showed that caveolin-1 and ICAM-1 cofractionated ( Figure 5C).…”

Review: Dystroglycan in the Nervous System

“…In brain, caveolins 1, 2 and 3 are expressed. Caveolin 3 was predominantly found on the endfeet of astrocytic processes, but not on neurons (Ikezu et al, 1998a). Dystroglycan is also present at astrocytic endfeet (Guadagno and Moukhles, 2004b).…”