“…Expectancies exist in the eyes of beholders and actors. As such, disconfirmation of expectancy resulting from stigma and stereotyping is very difficult (Crosby & Clayton, 1990). It can negatively impact self‐identity, educational expectations of members of ethnic/racial minority groups (Niemann, 2001; Niemann, Romero, & Arbona, 2000; Niemann et al, 1999), and intergroup relations (Mindiola, Niemann, & Rodriguez, 2002; Niemann, 1999).…”