Affordability of Household Transportation Fuel Costs by Region and Socioeconomic Factors

Zhou, Yan; Aeschliman, Spencer; Gohlke, David

doi:10.2172/1760477

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…(Household transportation energy burden is an estimate of the percent of household income spent on transportation energy at a census tract level.) 37 In this case, the five modeling criteria shown in Figure 3.1 are weighted equally.…”

Section: Assigning Suitability Scores and Ranking Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station Siting Suitability with a Focus on Equity

Kuiper

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2022

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As adoption of electric vehicles increases, the infrastructure to charge them must keep pace. Determining where to add new charging infrastructure is a complex process subject to many factors, including electrical service availability, vehicle dwell time, the type(s) of drivers and vehicles the stations will serve, traffic levels and timing, and land ownership. In addition, advancing social equity is a current priority of federal efforts to invest in electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in Argonne's Energy Zones Mapping Tool (EZMT) is a useful way to analyze many of the factors that influence how suitable a location is for potentially adding new charging infrastructure, and we show how equity metrics can be included in the analysis. However, data limitations impose challenges to using MCDA to evaluate and prioritize locations. We use three examples to demonstrate how to use publicly available data and MDCA to analyze different siting objectives. Each example starts with defining a specific objective and ends with how to use the results to identify specific potential locations that could be investigated further. This analysis demonstrates how interested stakeholders can use EZMT to run the MCDA model examples defined in this study, modify them to suit their needs, or create new MCDA models.

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Section: Assigning Suitability Scores and Ranking Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station Siting Suitability with a Focus on Equity

Kuiper

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2022

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“…Results for specific vehicles are described in greater detail in Section 3.2. From a socio-economic perspective, of the sixteen states for which complete PEV registration data was available, five were at or below the national average of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and six had median household income below the national median income (Zhou et al 2020). While more of the states had average VMT and median household income higher than the national statistics, the existence of states both above and below the national average VMT and median household income supports our claim that this data is somewhat representative of the whole country.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is not a clear regional variation in the battery selection by state. Northeastern states appear to lean slightly toward smaller batteries, perhaps due to smaller typical daily driving distances (Zhou et al 2020).…”

Section: Nissan Leaf Battery Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Sales Mix of Plug-In Electric Vehicles by Trim Variant and Vehicle Characteristics

Cribioli¹,

Gohlke²

2021

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As plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) take up a larger share of the United States vehicle market, their variety increases as well. Since many electric vehicle manufacturers offer multiple PEV trim variants, the distribution of vehicle characteristics such as battery capacity, all-electric range, electricity consumption, and curb weight cannot be determined by sales data alone. Sales data and vehicle registration data were analyzed to quantify and map the trim variant distribution of PEV models from nine automakers. With this information, we quantify national sales-weighted characteristics of fourteen different models over ten years, including battery capacity, fuel economy, and vehicle weight. We find a positive correlation between share of all-wheel drive variants for Tesla vehicles and average annual snowfall, and general uniformity nationwide in other vehicle characteristics. The estimated trim variant distributions will be useful in informing decisions regarding materials recycling and EV impact on the energy grid, and this study found that the total installed battery capacity in PEV in the U.S. was 76 GWh through 2020.

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“…[40][41][42][43]), where domestic and transport energy poverty has been coined 'double energy vulnerability' [41]. Transport energy poverty, or transportation energy burden in the U.S. [44][45][46][47], is analogous to household energy burden and falls under the larger umbrella of transport poverty [40,41], or 'the inability to attain a socially-and materiallynecessitated level of transport services' [40, p 2]. The U.S. is highly car dependent, with private vehicles representing more than 80% of person trips taken compared to just 2.5% taken via public transit [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies of transportation energy burden in the U.S. have found that low income households [44][45][46][47], particularly Black, Latinx, and Native American households [45], face disproportionate burdens. Additionally, suburban and rural households tend to experience higher transportation energy burdens than do urban households [40,[44][45][46][47], primarily due to lack of public transit and greater distances to essential services and employment locations [40]. A recent justice-focused analysis found that adopting EVs in the state of Illinois can reduce regional differences in transportation energy vulnerability [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States

Vega-Perkins

Newell

Keoleian

2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) will impact the climate, the environment, and society in highly significant ways. This study compares EVs to vehicles with internal combustion engines for three major areas: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fuel costs, and transportation energy burden (i.e. percentage of income spent on vehicle fuels). Excluded in the analysis is the purchase cost of the vehicles themselves. The results reveal that over 90% of vehicle-owning U.S. households would see reductions in both GHGs and transportation energy burden by adopting an EV. For 60% of households these savings would be moderate to high (i.e. >2.3 metric tons of CO2e reduction per household annually and >0.6% of energy burden reduction). These reductions are especially pronounced in the American West (e.g. California, Washington) and parts of the Northeast (e.g. New York) primarily due to a varying combination of cleaner electricity grids, lower electricity prices (relative to gas prices), and smaller drive-cycle and temperature-related impacts on fuel efficiency. Moreover, adopting an EV would more than double the percentage of households that enjoy a low transportation energy burden (<2% of income spent on fuel annually). This equates to 80% of all vehicle-owning U.S. households. Nevertheless, over half of the lowest income households would still have a high EV energy burden (>4% income spent on fuel annually), and if at-home charging is unavailable, this rises to over 75 percent. Addressing this inequity hinges on three major interventions: 1) targeted policies to promote energy justice in lower-income communities, including subsidizing charging infrastructure; 2) strategies to reduce electricity costs; and 3) expanding access to low-carbon transport infrastructure (e.g. public transit, biking, and car sharing).

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Affordability of Household Transportation Fuel Costs by Region and Socioeconomic Factors

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station Siting Suitability with a Focus on Equity

Modeling Electric Vehicle Charging Station Siting Suitability with a Focus on Equity

Domestic Sales Mix of Plug-In Electric Vehicles by Trim Variant and Vehicle Characteristics

Mapping electric vehicle impacts: greenhouse gas emissions, fuel costs, and energy justice in the United States

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