AfLaeA, a Global Regulator of Mycelial Growth, Chlamydospore Production, Pathogenicity, Secondary Metabolism, and Energy Metabolism in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus
            <i>Arthrobotrys flagrans</i>

Zhang, Yu; Wang, Xin; Ran, Yuan; Zhang, Ke-Qin; Li, Guo-Hong

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00186-23

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…To further observe the internal structural changes in the traps of WT and mutant strains, the mycelium was collected and fixed using an electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, China), after which it was observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-1400Plus, Hitachi, Japan) [ 44 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Role of AosfgA and AofluG in Mycelial and Conidial Development in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism

Liu,

Bai,

Duan

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Arthrobotrys oligospora, a widespread nematode-trapping fungus which can produce conidia for asexual reproduction and form trapping devices (traps) to catch nematodes. However, little is known about the sporulation mechanism of A. oligospora. This research characterized the functions and regulatory roles of the upstream spore-producing regulatory genes, AosfgA and AofluG, in A. oligospora. Our analysis showed that AosfgA and AofluG interacted with each other. Meanwhile, the AofluG gene was downregulated in the ΔAosfgA mutant strain, indicating that AosfgA positively regulates AofluG. Loss of the AosfgA and AofluG genes led to shorter hyphae and more septa, and the ΔAosfgA strain responded to heat and chemical stresses. Surprisingly, the number of nuclei was increased in the mycelia but reduced in the conidia of the ΔAosfgA and ΔAofluG mutants. In addition, after nematode induction, the number and volume of vacuoles were remarkably increased in the ΔAosfgA and ΔAofluG mutant strains. The abundance of metabolites was markedly decreased in the ΔAosfgA and ΔAofluG mutant strains. Collectively, the AosfgA and AofluG genes play critical roles in mycelial development, and they are also involved in vacuole assembly, the stress response, and secondary metabolism. Our study provides distinct insights into the regulatory mechanism of sporulation in nematode-trapping fungi.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Role of AosfgA and AofluG in Mycelial and Conidial Development in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism

Liu,

Bai,

Duan

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…Nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys flagransis a promising candidate for biological control of animal helminthic diseases [1][2][3]. The chlamydospore of this fungus was produced very early in the growth process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure characterization of different types of chlamydospores in Arthrobotrys flagrans

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2023

J Basic Microbiol

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The morphological and structural differences of different types of chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematophagous fungus, were studied under light microscope and electron microscope to provide a reference for the biological control of parasitic nematodiasis. In this study, A. flagrans isolate F088 dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore were selected as the research objects. The structural differences of these spores were observed by optical microscopy through lactol cotton blue, Trypan blue, and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining. FunXite ‐1, 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole, and calcofluor white staining were used to observe the metabolic activity, cell wall, and nucleus differences of the two types of spores under fluorescence microscope. Ultrastructure of the two kinds of spores was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Since lacto phenol cotton blue, trypan blue staining cannot distinguish dormant spores from dead spores, MTT assay was performed. Fluorescence microscopy observation showed that the cytoplasmic metabolic activity of nondormant spores was stronger than that of dormant spores. The nucleus of dormant spores was bright blue, and their fluorescence was stronger than that of nondormant spores. The cell wall of nondormant spores produced stronger yellow‐green fluorescence than that of dormant spores. Ultrastructural observation showed that there were globular protuberances on the surface of the two types of spores but with no significant difference between them. The inner wall of dormant spore possesses a thick zona pellucida with high electron density which was significantly thicker than that of nondormant spores, and their cytoplasm is also changed. In this study, the microstructure characteristics of dormant and nondormant chlamydospores of A. flagrans fungi were preliminarily clarified, suggesting that the state of cell wall and intracellular materials were changed after spores entered to dormancy.

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Beyond morphogenesis and secondary metabolism: function of Velvet proteins and LaeA in fungal pathogenesis

Calvo,

Dabholkar,

Wyman

et al. 2024

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Velvet proteins, as well as the epigenetic regulator LaeA, are conserved in numerous fungal species, where, in response to environmental cues, they control several crucial cellular processes, including sexual and asexual morphogenesis, secondary metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and virulence. During the last two decades, knowledge of their mechanism of action as well as understanding their functional roles, has greatly increased, particularly in Aspergillus species. Research efforts from multiple groups followed, leading to the characterization of other Velvet and LaeA homologs in species of other fungal genera, including important opportunistic plant and animal pathogens. This review focuses mainly on the current knowledge of the role of Velvet and LaeA function in fungal pathogenesis. Velvet proteins and LaeA are unique to fungi, and for this reason, additional knowledge of these critical regulatory proteins will be important in the development of targeted control strategies to decrease the detrimental impact of fungal pathogens capable of causing disease in plants and animals.

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AfLaeA, a Global Regulator of Mycelial Growth, Chlamydospore Production, Pathogenicity, Secondary Metabolism, and Energy Metabolism in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans

Abstract: The regulation of biological functions, such as the secondary metabolism, development, and pathogenicity of LaeA, has been reported in multiple fungi. But to date, no study on LaeA in nematode-trapping fungi has been reported.

Cited by 5 publications

References 79 publications

Characterizing the Role of AosfgA and AofluG in Mycelial and Conidial Development in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism

Characterizing the Role of AosfgA and AofluG in Mycelial and Conidial Development in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Their Role in Secondary Metabolism

Microstructure characterization of different types of chlamydospores in Arthrobotrys flagrans

Beyond morphogenesis and secondary metabolism: function of Velvet proteins and LaeA in fungal pathogenesis

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