Aflatoxicosis: The Presence of Aflatoxins or Their Metabolites in Livers and Skeletal Muscles of Chickens

Zytveld, Wm. A. Van; Kelley, Donald C.; Dennis, S. M.

doi:10.3382/ps.0491350

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This disease results in large economic losses to the poultry industry, predominantly from decreased production, although high mortality can also occur (Muirhead, 1989). Aflatoxicosis results in increased bruising in broilers (Tung et al, 1971) from coagulopathy and capillary fragility (Tung et al, 1975;Doerr et al, 1976;Bababunmi and Bassir, 1982), hypoproteinemia (Brown and Abrams, 1965), and enlarged hemorrhagic livers with increased lipid content (Muller et al, 1970;Sims et al, 1970;Smith and Hamilton, 1970;Van Zytveld et al, 1970;Garlich, 1971, 1972;Fukal et al, 1988). Tung et al (1972) reported that impaired lipid transport, which could be attributed to inhibited RNA synthesis, caused a marked increase in liver lipids (primarily triglycerides), and a decrease in plasma lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Tryptophan Supplementation on Aflatoxicosis in Laying Hens

1991

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of supplemental Trp on liver fat accumulation and egg production during aflatoxicosis in laying hens. In Experiment 1, two levels of Trp (0 and 2,000 ppm; basal = .16% Trp) and two levels of aflatoxin (AFLA) (0 and 10 ppm) were supplemented to a complete layer ration. In Experiment 2, a third level of AFLA (5 ppm) was added to the design. Single Comb White Leghorn hens (58 and 68 wk old) were fed the diets for 3 wk for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Henday production and egg weights were measured daily. Feed intake was measured weekly. Liver weights, liver moisture, and liver total lipids were determined at the end of each trial. In Experiment 1, supplemental Trp by itself caused a significant (P less than .01) reduction in total liver lipids compared to the controls (no Trp or AFLA). Adding trp and AFLA increased total liver lipids and caused a significant (P less than .05) decrease in egg production compared with adding AFLA alone. Total liver lipids were 41.1, 32.8, 54.8, and 62.4% (dry weight basis) for 0 Trp:0 AFLA, 2,000 Trp:0 AFLA, 0 Trp:10 AFLA, and 2,000 Trp:10 AFLA, respectively. Similar results were observed in Experiment 2. It was concluded that supplemental Trp by itself caused a reduction in total liver lipids, but when supplemented to a diet containing AFLA, Trp caused an increased severity of lesions associated with aflatoxicosis in layers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Tryptophan Supplementation on Aflatoxicosis in Laying Hens

1991

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“…Aflatoxin M has not been detected in bulkmilk supplies 6 • 10 , but was found in retail milk from primary groundnut-producing areas in South Africa 11 . Aflatoxin M occurs at lower Ievels in body tissues, with the majority of reports indicating that it is undetectable in mcat, blood, fat, etc. lt has been reported in the tissues of steers 3 and chickens 12 given large doses of aflatoxin. Recent results indicate that in certain circumstances pigs receiving a diet containing relatively small amounts of aflatoxin can have significant residues of toxin in body tissues 13 . There are other metabolites of aflatoxin which have been described in laboratory animals.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Aflatoxins In Food Of Animaloriginmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of aflatoxin residues in food of animal origin

Purchase¹

1973

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Apart from its pr.esence in primary agricultural products, aflatoxin and its metabolites may be detected in animal tissues and milk. As the aflatoxins are toxic and extremely carcinogenic, control of food contamination with them is imperative. Either the primary aflatoxins (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 andG 2 ) or their metabolites (M 1 and M 2 ) have been recovercd from several animal tissues and milk. The bio-assay techniques which are currently available arenot suitable for routine screening purposes. The chemical assay techniques, although more accurate, faster and morc spccific, have many serious drawbacks particularly in relation to efficiency of extraction.Further steps in assay procedures have been refined and standard solutions. in chloroform are stable for at least 4 months at -10°C. Taking into account the sensitivity of current techniques and the biological activity of aflatoxins, a Ievel of ll-tg kg-1 is recommended for statutory purposes. Control in finished animal products is discussed. The most effective procedure for prevention of contamination of animal products is to exercise control of intake of the toxin.

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“…The same results were reported for White Leghorn hens fed 2.7 ppm AFBX for 48 days. Van Zytveld et al (1970) administered AFB-, orally to chickens for periods of up to 42 days at daily doses ranging between 0.09-0.61 mg/bird and reported aflatoxin residues in the liver and skeletal muscle in 15 out of 45 chickens. The aflatoxin residues were found mainly in those chickens that elicited a toxic response.…”

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confidence: 99%