Aflatoxin contents of stored and artificially inoculated cereals and nuts

Saleemullah,; Iqbal, Amjad; Khalil, Iftikhar Hussain; Shah, Hamid Ullah

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.034

Cited by 99 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Saleemullah, Khalil and Shah (2006) reported faster growth of Aspergillus spp. with increase in humidity and prolonged storage of peanuts for 12-18 months compared to short storage periods for 2-3 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Wagacha¹,

Mutegi²,

Christie³

et al. 2013

JFR

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Peanut kernels of Homabay Local, Valencia Red, ICGV-SM 12991 and ICGV-SM 99568 cultivars were stored for six months in jute, polypropylene and polyethylene bags to assess the effect of storage bags, temperature and R.H. on fungal population and aflatoxin contamination. Moisture content (M.C.), fungal population and aflatoxin levels were determined before storage and after every 30 days during storage. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were assayed for production of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. The correlation between MC, population of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and aflatoxin levels in peanuts was also determined. Six fungal pathogens were commonly isolated from the peanut samples and occurred as follows in decreasing order: Penicillium spp. (106.6 CFU/g), A. flavus L-strain (4.8 CFU/g), A. flavus S-strain (2.9 CFU/g), A. niger (2.6 CFU/g), A. parasiticus (1.7 CFU/g) and A. tamarii (0.2 CFU/g). The overall population of A. flavus L-strain was 66% higher than that of A. flavus S-strain. Ninety one percent of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates produced at least one of the four aflatoxin types assayed, with 36% producing aflatoxin B1. Total aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 -47.8 µg/kg with samples stored in polyethylene and jute bags being the most and least contaminated, respectively. Eighty nine percent and 97% of the peanut samples met the EU (≤ 4 µg/kg) and Kenyan (≤ 10 µg/kg) regulatory standards for total aflatoxin, respectively. Peanuts should be adequately dried to safe moisture level and immediately packaged in a container -preferably jute bags -which will not promote critical increases in fungal population and aflatoxin contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Wagacha¹,

Mutegi²,

Christie³

et al. 2013

JFR

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show abstract

“…al., 2005). All of them contaminate a large fraction of the world's food, including maize, rice, sorghum, barley, rye, wheat, peanut, groundnut, soya, cottonseed, and other derivative products made from these primary feedstuffs in low-income countries (Rizzi et al, 2003;Saleemullah et al, 2006;Strosnider et. al., 2006;Masoero et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al., 1965;intimately related with the actual problems of climate changes and environmental warming around the whole world (Cotty & Jaime-García, 2007;Paterson & Lima, 2010). There have been identified 18 types of aflatoxins, nevertheless, the naturally occurring and well-known ones are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) (Gimeno, 2004;Saleemullah et. al., 2006;Strosnider et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health: An Emerging Problem

Lizárraga-Paulín¹,

Moreno-Martínez²,

Miranda-Castro³

2011

Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Aflatoxins are compounds with a hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic potential that can affect either humans or animals (MOSS, 2002;SALEEMULLAH et al, 2006;D'MELLO;MACDONALD, 2002). According to an IARC estimates (INTERNATIONAL..., 2002), aflatoxins can be considered carcinogenic to humans (group I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%