Aflatoxin M1 in milk and distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during production and storage of yoghurt and cheese

Iha, Maria Helena; Barbosa, Cynara Baltazar; Okada, Isaura Akemi; Trucksess, Mary W

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.058

Cited by 115 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In fact, over the past 5 years, at least Sudan (Elzupir & Elhussein, 2010), Iran (Fallah, 2010a, Pakistan (Iqbal, Asi & Jinap, 2013), China (Zhang et al, 2012) and Brazil (Iha, Barbosa, Okada & Trucksess, 2013) have found high AFM1 levels (510 -6900 ng/L) that exceed not only EU legislation but also U.S. maximum limits.…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of mycotoxins in animal milk: A review

et al. 2015

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Mycotoxins can cause toxicity when ingested by humans and animals. Although the rumen is supposed to be a barrier against mycotoxins, some studies demonstrate that carry-over of mycotoxins to milk is possible. Different studies have found mycotoxin levels in animal milk, mainly related to contaminated feed for ruminants. Aflatoxin M1 is the most studied mycotoxin in milk and levels exceeding the EU maximum level for this mycotoxin in this matrix (0.050 μg/kg) have been found. Maximum levels in milk for other mycotoxins have not been established; however ochratoxin A, aflatoxins G1, G2, B1, B2 and M2, fumonisin B1, cyclopiazonic acid, zearalenone and its metabolites and deepoxydeoxynivalenol have also been found in milk samples. Taking into account that multi-exposure to mycotoxins is the most likely scenario and co-occurrence of mycotoxins could affect their toxicological effects in humans and animals, there is a need to determine the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in milk.

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Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of mycotoxins in animal milk: A review

et al. 2015

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“…This method has been widely used and has been adopted as an official AOAC method (AOAC, 2005a). It showed a detection limit as low as 0.005 lg kg À1 (Pietri, Bertuzzi, Bertuzzi, & Piva, 1997) and sufficient repeatability, but AFM 1 recovery values were generally lower in comparison with milk, ranging from 51% to 88% (Cattaneo, Marinoni, Barzaghi, Cremonesi, & Monti, 2011;Dragacci et al, 1995;Govaris, Roussi, Koidis, & Botsoglou, 2001;Iha, Barbosa, Okada, & Trucksess, 2013;Oruc, Cibik, Yilmaz, & Kalkanli, 2006), probably because of the more complex clean-up step. Finally, this method is time consuming and uses a chlorinated solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enzyme-assisted extraction for the HPLC determination of aflatoxin M1 in cheese

et al. 2016

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“…Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most common and toxic one and has been reported as the most powerful natural carcinogen in human and animals [5] [6]. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) or milk toxin is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and is secreted in milk of dairy cattle after consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 [7] [8]. Studies have shown that AFM1 could quickly appear (within 12 hour) after ingestion of AFB1 by lactating cows [9] and its concentration decreased gradually to under the limit of detection within 72 h after removal of AFB1 contaminated feeds [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Langat¹,

Tetsuhiro²,

Gonoi³

et al. 2016

AiM

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Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy products resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. The study aimed at determining the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Bomet County. A total of 185 samples (150 raw milk and 35 processed milk and milk products) were randomly collected from milk collection sites and randomly selected milk kiosks respectively. The AFM1 was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit (Ridascreen, aflatoxin M1 R-Biopharm, Product code, R5812, Darmstadt, Germany). Out of 185 samples investigated, 156 samples were positive for AFM1, an overall contamination rate of 84.32%. The samples with levels higher than the tolerance limit of 0.05 μg/l recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits were 43.8% mainly contributed by the raw milk compared to processed milk (52.0% versus 8.6%). Processed milk had insignificant level of contamination with aflatoxin M1 (Median 0.00 (IQR: 0.00, 0.00 μg/l) with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 0.69 μg/l. Raw milk showed significant contamination, median 0.09 (IQR: 0.00, 0.50) μg/l with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 2.93 μg/l. Although there was no significant differences in AFM1 levels with study sites (P = 0.217); the median levels of aflatoxin M1 was high in sites 1, 3, and 7. The sites that had median aflatoxin M1 levels below the WHO/FAO acceptable limits of 0.05 μg/l were sites 2, 4 and 6. Due to high incidence of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk samples in Bomet County, there is need for regular monitoring and regulation of AFM1 contamination in milk and its products in the County. G. Langat et al.

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Aflatoxin M1 in milk and distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during production and storage of yoghurt and cheese

Cited by 115 publications

References 22 publications

Presence of mycotoxins in animal milk: A review

Presence of mycotoxins in animal milk: A review

Enzyme-assisted extraction for the HPLC determination of aflatoxin M1 in cheese

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

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