Aflatoxins: Implications on Health

Sarma, Usha P; Bhetaria, Preetida J.; Devi, Prameela; Varma, Anupam

doi:10.1007/s12291-017-0649-2

Cited by 121 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…However, it is of note that the problem is compounded because in Nigeria the use of herbal medicines is common and more common it is to buy them from local markets and shops. Aflatoxicosis can lead to acute primary aflatoxicosis with symptoms including hemorrhage, acute liver damage, edema, digestion problems and death [19]. Following chronic intake of aflatoxin there could be a synergistic action with hepatitis B and other carcinogens to elicit primary liver cancer as contained in the work of [20] who examined the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in West African children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Levels of Total Aflatoxin in Herbal Traditional Medicines from Selected Vendors Dealers in South-Eastern Nigeria

Ikeagwulonu

Onyenekwe

Oshim

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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Aim:To investigate the levels of total aflatoxin (AF) in herbal medicines from selected vendors in South-Eastern Nigeria. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study designed to investigate the levels of aflatoxin (AF) mycotoxin in herbal traditional medicines selected randomly from vendor dealers in Ebonyi State of Ikeagwulonu et al.; JAMPS, 22(1): 26-31, 2020; Article no.JAMPS.54073 27 Nigeria. Fifty-seven (57) herbal medicine samples were obtained from local markets and stores in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Original Research Article Place and Duration of Study:This study was carried out at Abakaliki, Ezza-North, Afikpo North, Ohaukwu, Ikwo in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This study covered a period of one year from April, 2018 to April, 2019. Methodology: Fifty-seven (57) herbal medicine samples were analyzed to detect the level of aflatoxin (AF) mycotoxins with the controls. They were selected with self-administered questionnaire using a multistage random sampling technique. Wet extraction was performed on the liquid herbal samples whereas aflatoxin occurrence and levels were evaluated using lateral flow immunoassay technique. Data were analyzed using One sample t-test and descriptive statistics and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The incidence of Aflatoxin contamination in the samples were 48(84.21%) out of 57 herbal medicines examined with the highest level seen in African Iba herbal (20.00±2.00 ppb) and the lowest level seen in Dunamis and Divine roots herbals (0.00 ± 0.00). Data from the analysis of herbal medicine samples showed different concentration range of mycotoxins AFs (0-20 ppb). Conclusion: Although aflatoxins concentration observed in the herbal samples were below Nigerian and European Union (EU) upper limits of 20 ppb, the high incidence rate observed in the study should be of concern to public health. The policy makers in the Nigerian agricultural and health sectors have been provided with research evidence as contained in this study on the dangers posed by consumption of some herbal medicines as a result of their aflatoxin contamination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Levels of Total Aflatoxin in Herbal Traditional Medicines from Selected Vendors Dealers in South-Eastern Nigeria

Ikeagwulonu

Onyenekwe

Oshim

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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“…Aflatoxin is the most prevalent mycotoxin synthesised by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius in the ideal temperature and humidity (Morrison et al, 2017). Prolonged storage of the chicken's feed creates a high synthesis of the aflatoxin (Sarma et al, 2017). Aflatoxin induces severe cellular defects and carcinogenesis (Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of aflatoxicosis is not limited to some limited geographical area. The clinical manifestations of aflatoxicosis are lethargy, anorexia, lower growth rate, microbial stress, economic losses and toxicity (Sarma et al, 2017). The aflatoxin found as a residue on the poultry's final product (Denli et al, 2009), and it represents the port of entry of aflatoxin exposure in human (Manafi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Update: Effects of Aflatoxin in Broiler Chickens

Kurniasih¹,

Prakoso²

2019

jwpr

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Aflatoxin is a worldwide problem in poultry industries as it is known to contaminate poultry feed. Aflatoxin induces stress and increases mortality rate during infection in poultry, especially broiler chickens. The objectives of this study was to observe the pathological effects due to aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. A total of 120 chickens were divided into four groups, group A fed with a basal diet without aflatoxin contamination, group B with aflatoxin (> 1 ppb < 50 ppb), group C with aflatoxin (> 51 ppb < 100 ppb), group D with aflatoxin (> 101 ppb < 150 ppb). The data were collected and analysed on day 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that diet with high aflatoxin contamination in group D impaired the physical and laboratory performances of the chickens, increased the risk of residue in the poultry's final products. The varying doses of aflatoxin contamination in the chicken feed causes the problems on the broiler chickens with different level of severity.

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“…Unexpectedly, the results showed that aflatoxin concentrations increased from the best to the worst grade of the grains, suggesting that the grading system relying on visual inspection does not reflect a priori extent of contamination. The relatively high aflatoxin levels recorded in feeds of the regions are of concern to both animal and human health, since they are not only detrimental to livestock but can also be carried-over to human via foods derived from these animals, such as eggs, meat, and milk [162].…”

Section: Feed Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

Benkerroum¹

2020

Preprint

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This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.

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Aflatoxins: Implications on Health

Cited by 121 publications

References 74 publications

Investigation of the Levels of Total Aflatoxin in Herbal Traditional Medicines from Selected Vendors Dealers in South-Eastern Nigeria

Investigation of the Levels of Total Aflatoxin in Herbal Traditional Medicines from Selected Vendors Dealers in South-Eastern Nigeria

Recent Update: Effects of Aflatoxin in Broiler Chickens

Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries

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