Aflatoxins in Liver Biopsies from Sudanese Children

Coulter, J. B. S.; Suliman, G. I.; Lamplugh, S.M.; Mukhtar, Berjees; Hendrickse, R. G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.360

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown the association between aflatoxin levels and protein energy malnutrition, especially kwashiorkor [1,29,30]. In kwashiorkor infants, aflatoxins were significantly found in liver biopsies [29], liver autopsies [31], lung autopsies [32], and kidney autopsies [33], which might have relevance to the pathogenesis of this disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Tomerak

Shaban²,

Khalafallah³

et al. 2011

Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Tomerak

Shaban²,

Khalafallah³

et al. 2011

Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

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“…Higher total bilirubin levels indicate liver cell damage or bile duct damage within the liver while elevated direct or conjugated bilirubin indicate decreased bilirubin secretion from the liver or bile duct obstruction. It is likely that aflatoxin may contribute to the suboptimal liver function test results we obtained, since aflatoxins have also been shown to be independently associated with impaired liver function and hepatocellular carcinoma (Coulter et al 1986;CDC 2004;Strosnider et al 2006). The findings of significantly higher levels of direct bilirubin in association with high AF-ALB by logistic regression and of significantly higher levels of total and direct bilirubin by linear regression indicate that bilirubin levels are elevated with high aflatoxin exposure and that bilirubin may prove to be a useful indicator of high AF-ALB in HIV-positive people in aflatoxin prone areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B₁–albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations

Jolly

Shuaib

Jiang

et al. 2011

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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We examined the association between certain clinical factors and aflatoxin B1–albumin adduct (AF-ALB) levels in HIV-positive people. Plasma samples collected from 314 (155 HIV-positive and 159 HIV-negative) people were tested for AF-ALB levels, viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, liver function profile, malaria parasitaemia, and hepatitis B and C virus infections. HIV-positive participants were divided into high and low groups based on their median AF-ALB of 0.93 pmol mg−1 albumin and multivariable logistic and linear regression methods used to assess relationships between clinical conditions and AF-ALB levels. Multivariable logistic regression showed statistically significant increased odds of having higher HIV viral loads (OR=2.84; 95% CI=1.17–7.78) and higher direct bilirubin levels (OR=5.47; 95% CI=1.03–22.85) among HIV-positive participants in the high AF-ALB group. There were also higher levels of total bilirubin and lower levels of albumin in association with high AF-ALB. Thus, aflatoxin exposure may contribute to high viral loads and abnormal liver function in HIV-positive people and so promote disease progression.

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“…Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occurred in India in 1974, resulting in 397 recognised cases and 106 deaths (Krishnamachari et al, 1975), in Kenya in 1981 (Ngindu et al, 1982) and in 2004 and 2005 causing more than 150 deaths (Azziz-Baumgartner et al, 2006;Lewis et al, 2005). Acute hepatitis associated with consumption of mouldy grains has also been reported in other areas in Africa, India and Malaysia (Chao et al, 1991;Coulter et al, 1986;Lye et al, 1995;Patten, 1981). Chronic aflatoxicosis results from prolonged ingestion of low to moderate levels of aflatoxins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins

Varga

Frisvad

Samson

2009

WMJ

112

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Aflatoxins are decaketide-derived secondary metabolites which are produced by a complex biosynthetic pathway. Aflatoxins are among the economically most important mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties, and is frequently referred to as the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen. Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occur in several parts of Asia and Africa leading to the death of several hundred people. Aflatoxin production has incorrectly been claimed for a long list of Aspergillus species and also for species assigned to other fungal genera. Recent data indicate that aflatoxins are produced by 13 species assigned to three sections of the genus Aspergillus: section Flavi (A. flavus, A. pseudotamarii, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycis, A. parvisclerotigenus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. arachidicola), section Nidulantes (Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis, E. olivicola) and section Ochraceorosei (A. ochraceoroseus, A. rambellii). Several species claimed to produce aflatoxins have been synonymised with other aflatoxin producers, including A. toxicarius (=A. parasiticus), A. flavus var. columnaris (=A. flavus) or A. zhaoqingensis (=A. nomius). Compounds with related structures include sterigmatocystin, an intermediate of aflatoxin biosynthesis produced by several Aspergilli and species assigned to other genera, and dothistromin produced by a range of non-Aspergillus species. In this review, we wish to give an overview of aflatoxin production including the list of species incorrectly identified as aflatoxin producers, and provide short descriptions of the 'true' aflatoxin producing species.

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Aflatoxins in Liver Biopsies from Sudanese Children

Cited by 27 publications

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Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B₁–albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations

A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins

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Aflatoxins in Liver Biopsies from Sudanese Children

Cited by 27 publications

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Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Assessment of exposure of Egyptian infants to aflatoxin M1 through breast milk

Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B1–albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations

A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins

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Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B₁–albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations