Aflatoxins in roasted peanut in Khartoum a hidden and notorious risk to children

Abstract

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of about twenty species of the genus Aspergillus. The most important of these species is Aspergillus flavus which was reported for the first time and referred as responsible for the X -turkey disease in 1960 in Great Britain which later on named aflatoxicosis. These toxins pose a limitless risk to man and his domestics by causing a number of diseases and carcinomas. However, since the production of these toxins is rather inevitable accordingly, an interdisciplinary management is the answer for managing them. The management of these toxins includes preharvest and postharvest measures such as good agricultural practices, check of imports, exports, food and feed stuffs, specifying tolerable and action limits and curing by suitable methods. This experiment aimed at having a rapid check for the total aflatoxins in roasted peanut in samples (five groups and 25 in total) collected from the three main cities of the triangular capital Khartoum (Khartoum proper, Khartoum North, and Omdurman). A rapid check of aflatoxins has a lot of merits and edge over the other laboratory methods. A total of 25 samples of roasted peanut were checked using Aflacheck ® test kids (the method used enabled checking 10 ppb total aflatoxins in test samples). Readings revealed that the contamination percentage was 60% for each of the sample groups collected from the two sites in Khartoum proper and 100% for the sample groups collected from two sites in Khartoum North and Omdurman, separately. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in contamination (at 5% confidence level) between the results from Khartoum proper from one side and the samples collected from Khartoum North and Omdurman areas in the other side. However, the overall contamination percentage was 84%. These results, collectively, are alarming (0 tolerance) for a deadly health risk of this roasted peanut contaminated with aflatoxins to consumers of who the majority are children.

Major Contaminants of Peanut and Its Products and Their Methods of Management

“…It is mainly produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a super potent hepatocarcinogen [113]. AFB1 is a known contaminant of peanuts and many foods, including cottonseed and grain, in addition to feed [114].…”