African American Dietary Patterns at the Beginning of the 20th Century

Dirks, Robert; Duran, Nancy

doi:10.1093/jn/131.7.1881

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, several studies (Castro, 1996;Dirks and Duran, 2001 food consumption; Reinberg, 1983;Shahar et al, 1999;Van Staveren et al, 1986) suggest it shows seasonal variation, with highest intake in winter, and even day-of-week variation (Willet, 1998). The timing and frequency of meals, as well as the quantity of food ingested, however, also seem to be dependent on cultural and social factors and on habits established by each individual concerning the food he/she consumes, rather than on physiological aspects alone (Chiva, 1997;Waterhouse et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nutritional Status and Eating Habits of Shift Workers: A Chronobiological Approach

Pasqua

Moreno

2004

Chronobiology International

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The eating habits of workers may vary according to the season of the year and corresponding work schedule. A study aiming at verifying the changes in their diet in summer and winter, as well as the nutritional status of those who work fixed shifts, was conducted. The distribution during the 24h in the quantity of calories and macronutrients ingested and the circadian rhythm of calories consumed were also analyzed. The study was conducted on 28 workers subject to three fixed work (morning, afternoon, and night) shifts at a transport company in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The mean age of the workers was 32.8 (SD+/-5.3) yrs. Their food intake was ascertained by the use of a 3-day dietary record, and their nutritional status was evaluated by their body mass index (BMI), both in winter and summer. Two-way ANOVA (shift and season) showed food consumption--measured in calories/24 h--was significantly higher in winter than summer (F(1.25)=11.7; p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were found among shifts (F(2.25)=0.85; p<0.44), and the interaction effect between shift and season was also not significant (F(2.25) = 0.15; p < 0.86). No seasonal difference in BMI was detected (Kruskal-Wallis test). Cosinor analyses showed circadian rhythmicity in calories consumed by morning (p < 0.01) as well as afternoon shift workers (p < 0.001), both in the winter and summer. Circadian rhythmicity in calories consumed by night workers was found only in summer (p < 0.01). The changes observed in the workers' eating habits from one season to another and during the 24h period show the need for further studies to help develop educational programs to improve the nutrition of shift employees taking into consideration shift schedule and season of the year when work is performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nutritional Status and Eating Habits of Shift Workers: A Chronobiological Approach

Pasqua

Moreno

2004

Chronobiology International

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“…Some congregations' collective social activity surrounding food and food roles, particularly in women, may also reveal relationships between religion and diet. Religion may also support cultural food norms of particular communities, including the southern United States and some non-Southern African American communities, where consumption of foods prepared with high-fat ingredients is common 56 . Given that social contexts such as religion play an important part in shaping health behaviours, understanding what aspects of particular contexts are influential is important to encourage healthful behaviours and prevent illness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Religion, social support, fat intake and physical activity

Kim

Sobal

2004

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Most research on diet and exercise has focused on these health behaviours as proximate causes of disease, rather than examine the context of how diet and exercise are developed and maintained. This study examined religion and social support in relationship to fat intake and physical activity. Design, setting and subjects: Data from surveys of 546 adults aged 17 -91 years, residing in one upstate New York county, were analysed. Results: Most relationships between the multiple facets of religion, fat intake and physical activity were not statistically significant. After controlling for demographics and social support, Conservative Protestant women and women specifying an 'Other' religious affiliation reported higher fat intakes than did Catholic women. There were no relationships between religion and fat intake in men. In women, religious commitment was associated with greater moderate and vigorous physical activity, whereas in men, divine social support was associated with greater moderate physical activity. Social support did not substantially change the magnitude of the relationships between religion, diet and physical activity. Conclusion: Overall, there were few relationships between religion, fat intake and physical activity, suggesting that in contemporary US society religion may play a small role in the context of how diet and exercise are developed and maintained. The limited range of religiosity in the sample, however, may have underestimated the role of religion. Significant relationships between religion and physical activity in women suggest that further research is needed to more clearly delineate religion's relationship with health behaviours.

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“…Substituting fish for red meat in the meal was well accepted, with items such as "tuna casserole" and "salmon macaroni salad". Traditionally, southern black diets, or so called "soul food", mainly consisted of pork/bacon, lard, sugar, molasses, chicken and cornmeal [49]. Other than sweet potatoes, vegetables were "peripheral foods" which included cabbage, collard greens, and mustard greens, and were usually cooked by being boiled with pork fat until they tasted "rich" [49].…”

Section: The Nature Of the Specific Dietary Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, southern black diets, or so called "soul food", mainly consisted of pork/bacon, lard, sugar, molasses, chicken and cornmeal [49]. Other than sweet potatoes, vegetables were "peripheral foods" which included cabbage, collard greens, and mustard greens, and were usually cooked by being boiled with pork fat until they tasted "rich" [49]. Although urbanization and other social changes over time have introduced variety into African Americans' diets, the cultural influence still exists in their food choices today [50], as the high-fat and salt and low-fiber diets were independent of socio-economic status among African Americans [51].…”

Section: The Nature Of the Specific Dietary Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining a Church-Based Lifestyle Intervention Targeting African-American Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Pilot Study

Zhou

Jackson

Oates

et al. 2017

OJEpi

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Objective: The pilot study was intended to test the feasibility of a multiple-component lifestyle intervention targeting African American adults in a weight control and cardiometabolic risk reduction program on diet, activity, and stress, using community-engagement principles. Methods: Applying mixed qualitative and quantitative measures, the intervention had a two-part sequential study design consisting of 12 weekly small group sessions that provided individual and group counseling in nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness, while incorporating focus group and interactive techniques to learn about barriers and acceptable practices for this population. The program was implemented at an African-American church in Nashville, Tennessee. Results: Thirty-four participants (aged 56.1 ± 11 years, body mass index (BMI) 36.7 ± 6.6 kg/m 2 ) completed the intervention. Lifestyle changes after the 12 weekly sessions showed some positive trends including reduced sodium intake (from 2725.3 ± 326.5 to 2132 ± 330, mg/day, P = 0.008), increased walking steps (from 4392.1 ± 497.2 to 4895.3 ± 497.9, steps/day, not significant), and slightly decreased Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores (from 13.7 ± 1.4 to 12.4 ± 1.5, not significant). Body fat % among male participants decreased significantly (from 33.8 ± 2.6 to 28 ± 2.6, %, P = 0.043). Among cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased significantly (from 6.6 ± 0.2 to 976.1 ± 0.2, %, P < 0.001). The baseline PSS score was positively associated with baseline adiposity levels (e.g., weight, β = 2.4, P = 0.006). Twenty-one participants took part in focus groups during the program to identify barriers to healthy lifestyle changes. Primary barriers reported were price, time for preparing healthy meals, unfamiliarity with mindfulness activities, their health condition, and daily schedule available for physical activities. Conclusions: This church-based pilot intervention was proven feasible by showing modest progress in reducing adiposity and decreasing HbA1c levels. The focus group and interactive methods facilitated program direction. Future full-scale studies are warranted to identify key strategies that provide more personalized approaches and supportive environments to sustain a healthy lifestyle among these at risk minorities with limited resources.

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African American Dietary Patterns at the Beginning of the 20th Century

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

The Nutritional Status and Eating Habits of Shift Workers: A Chronobiological Approach

The Nutritional Status and Eating Habits of Shift Workers: A Chronobiological Approach

Religion, social support, fat intake and physical activity

Refining a Church-Based Lifestyle Intervention Targeting African-American Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Pilot Study

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