African-American fathers' involvement with infants: Relationship to their functioning style, support, education, and income

Fathers' caregiving in low-income African–American and Hispanic–American families

“…Mothers were more involved in basic caregiving activities (bedtime routine, physical care, feeding and soothing the infant) than were fathers. These findings are consistent with reports from several cross-cultural studies showing greater involvement of mothers than fathers in direct caregiving (Hossain and Roopnarine, 1994;Lamb, 1987;Parke and Sawin, 1975;Roopnarine and Ahmeduzzaman, 1993). By contrast, mothers and fathers did not differ in their ratings of their relative participation in singing to and playing with the infant.…”

“…The data were organized as mothers' data and fathers' data and were entered/ analysed separately. Based on prior studies (Hossain and Roopnarine, 1994;Belsky, 1990), age, income, education, length of time married and social support were correlated with fathers' and mothers' involvement in six primary caregiving activities: bedtime routine; physical care; feeding; singing to; playing with; and soothing the infant. Variables showing relatively high Spearman correlation coefficients were regressed on the six caregiving dependent measures.…”

“…For example, in twoparent Euro-American families in which the mother was a homemaker, fathers spent about 25% of the time mothers did in caregiving tasks, and in families in which mother was employed fulltime, fathers spent about 33% of the time that mothers did as caregivers (Pleck, 1985). In twoparent African±American families in which the mother was employed part-time, fathers spent about 43% of the time mothers did in primary caregiving tasks, and in families in which the mother was employed full-time, fathers spent more than a third of the time mothers spent in basic caregiving (Hossain and Roopnarine, 1994). In the Hossain and Roopnarine study, length of time couples were married and communication within the family were the best predictors of paternal investment in caregiving activities.…”

Theorizing the Father-Child Relationship: Mechanisms and Developmental Outcomes

“…Field et al [1984] have shown that while working mothers play more with their infants than fathers, they tend to engage in face-to-face play. Hossain and Roopnarine [1994] have shown that African-American fathers spend more time playing with than caring for their children despite an equitable division of caregiving responsibilities.…”

Alianza Tríadica Familiar y Salud Mental Parental

“…En relación con la presencia e involucramiento del padre, algunos estudios han planteado que esta varía de acuerdo a la relación que tenga el padre con el niño(a), su capital humano, su bienestar psicológico y fuentes de soporte social y estrés (Belsky, 1984;Hossain y Roopnarine, 1994;Pleck y Masciadrelli, 2004). Por ejemplo, padres con mayor nivel educacional son más capaces de proveer a sus hijos e involucrarse con ellos (McLanahan, 2009), mientras que padres con mayor sintomatología depresiva y estrés muestran mayores niveles de hostilidad, rechazo y estimulación inadecuada (Cummings et al, 2000;Parke et al, 2004).…”