African American Intergenerational Economic Mobility since 1880

Collins, William J.; Wanamaker, Marianne

doi:10.1257/app.20170656

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Lastly, our work ties into the literature on economic outcomes by race. Collins and Wanamaker (2017) and Akee et al (2019) look at historical intergenerational mobility outcomes between Black and White Americans, while Abramitzky et al (2021) study intergenerational mobility of immigrants to the United States. Recent work on intergenerational mobility of income by Chetty et al (2020) has highlighted that economic opportunity in the United States varies by race, with Black Americans and American Indians having worse outcomes than White and Asian Americans.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race and the Income‐Achievement Gap

Bacic,

Zheng

2023

Economic Inquiry

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A large literature documents a positive correlation between parental income and child test scores. In this paper, we study whether this relationship, the dependence of the cognitive skills of children on the socioeconomic resources of their parents, varies across race. Using education data linked to tax records, we find that the income‐achievement gap is small for East Asian children while significantly larger for Indigenous children. School‐level factors explains a large portion of the variation in the gap across race. Our results suggest that the large income‐achievement gap for Indigenous students stems partially from inequality in special needs diagnoses.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race and the Income‐Achievement Gap

Bacic,

Zheng

2023

Economic Inquiry

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“…The Black population has complex ethnic and racial identities which reflect intermarriage among different races and ethnic groups. This complexity has resulted in distinct demographic and economic characteristics among the diverse Black population in the United States (Collins & Wanamaker, 2022; Lloyd et al, 2021). The Black population in the U.S. is growing steadily; in 2019, 46.8 million people in the U.S. identified as Black either as part of a multiracial or ethnic background or alone, up from the 36.2 million recorded in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Misuse and Opioid Overdose Mortality Among the Black Population in the United States: An Integrative Review

Kyei

Leveille

2023

Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice

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Opioid misuse is a growing public health concern in the United States (U.S.). This problem continues to claim many lives and has affected the life expectancy of the U.S. population. In the past few years, the Black population has witnessed an increased rate of overdose deaths compared to their white counterparts. This review seeks to characterize recent trends in opioid prescription practices and overdose deaths among the Black population in the U.S. An integrative review was conducted with a literature search from CINHAL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. The literature search identified 11 articles for the analysis. All studies were quantitative. Six studies focused on overdose mortality and five on opioid prescription practices. The results indicate a rising trend in opioid overdose mortality among Black people due to the availability of synthetic opioids on the illegal drug market. Black people receive fewer opioid prescriptions and experience higher rates of opioid dose reduction compared to Whites. The Black population has experienced an increase in opioid overdose mortality compared to the White population within the last two decades. Opioid overdose deaths among Black people are highly associated with the proliferation of synthetic opioids, and Black men have been more affected than Black women. Black people experience lower rates of opioid prescription during E.R. visits compared to Whites. The issue of low opioid prescribing among Black people needs to be addressed since it affects their health outcomes and is a factor that contributes to the use of illicit synthetic opioids.

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“…Such disparities are specially profound between White and Black communities in the United States (Bonilla-Silva, 2006) despite years of implementing anti-discriminatory initiatives including race-sensitive policies such as affirmative action (Holzer and Neumark, 2000) and race-blind policies such as Earned Income Tax Credit (Ajilore, 2008) or Child Tax Credit (Goldin and Michelmore, 2020). Furthermore, the wealth gap between these two communities has widened in recent decades as white households have predominantly benefited from intergenerational mobility (Collins and Wanamaker, 2022) and capital gains (Derenoncourt et al, 2022). As a result, the racial inequality has found ramifications, in terms of racial and ethnic disparities, in all parts of the American life including criminal justice (Sampson and Lauritsen, 1997) and public health (Nazroo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can reparation deliver equality? Projections for the shared socioeconomic pathways in the USA

Shayegh

2023

Preprint

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Reparations in terms of direct payments are often used to redress injustices and compensate for historical inequalities. In some parts of the United States, restoring the deferred wealth of Black population through reparations has gained traction in recent years. However, there is no consensus on which reparative policies should be implemented and how to assess their potential impact. Here we show that reparative taxation of White population can be an effective measure in closing the racial wealth gap. We found that imposing a hypothetical one-time reparative estate tax of 5% can potentially close the racial wealth gap among all skill groups (high-skilled, low-skilled, and combined). However, the impact of such reparation shock on closing the wealth gap between high-skilled and low-skilled labor can be observed only among Black population. Nevertheless, the impact of imposing a similar one-time reparative inheritance tax of 5% is less profound in closing the racial wealth gap. Overall, the low-skilled Black sub-population emerges as the group benefiting the most from these hypothetical taxation schemes. These results show how reparation policies in the form of taxation of intergenerational wealth transfers can help close the racial wealth gap while having a short-lived impact on the skill-based wealth gap. The structural economic model of overlapping generations proposed in this paper can be considered a stepping stone to the incorporation of intergenerational and interracial inequalities into the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). JEL Classification: J15 , D63 , D31

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African American Intergenerational Economic Mobility since 1880

Cited by 19 publications

References 99 publications

Race and the Income‐Achievement Gap

Race and the Income‐Achievement Gap

Opioid Misuse and Opioid Overdose Mortality Among the Black Population in the United States: An Integrative Review

Can reparation deliver equality? Projections for the shared socioeconomic pathways in the USA

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