African–Caribbean men remanded to Brixton Prison

Bhui, Kamaldeep; Brown, Phillip; Hardie, Tim; Watson, J. P.; Parrott, Janet

doi:10.1192/bjp.172.4.337

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The study showed that Black patients do not inevitably face delays on pathways to anti-psychotic treatment, an assumption previously put forward to explain their higher rates of admission and detention [18,41]. Indeed, Black people were treated more effectively and earlier, challenging the notion that services are not accessible and ineffective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Future studies will need to investigation the reasons for a criminal justice system pathway for black patients. For example, is this more due to more offending, more violent offending, or to discrimination in the court process, or that community agencies are less effective at managing some patient groups who end up in the criminal justice system [40,41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which pathways to psychiatric care lead to earlier treatment and a shorter duration of first-episode psychosis?

2014

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BackgroundThe pathways to care in a first onset psychosis are diverse and may influence the chances of early treatment and therefore the duration of untreated psychosis. We test which pathways to care are associated with a delay in receiving treament and a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).MethodsIn a population based survey, we interviewed 480 people with first episode psychosis aged 18 to 64 years over a 2-year period. Information from structured interview and case files provided DSM-IV diagnostic, clinical, and demographic information. Consecutive contacts in the care pathway were mapped using the World Health Organisation’s Encounter Form. Using information from all sources, DUP was defined as time from symptom onset to first treatment with antipsychotic medication.ResultsThe most common first contacts were primary care physicians (35.2%), emergency rooms in general hospital settings (21.3%), and criminal justice agencies (25.4%). In multivariate regression models, compared to DUP for those first in contact with primary care, DUP was shortest for first encounters with psychiatric emergency clinics (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.23-0.71) and longest for first encounters with criminal justice agencies (RR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1–2.58). Older age was associated with a longer DUP (RR = 1.01 per year, 95% CI: 1–1.04). A shorter DUP was associated with a diagnosis of mania and affective psychoses-NOS compared with schizophrenia (RR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.14-0.35; RR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06-0.54, respectively), for Black compared with White ethnicity (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.82), and for each close person in the social network (RR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96).ConclusionsTo further reduce DUP, better links are needed between primary care, emergency rooms, criminal justice and psychiatric services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which pathways to psychiatric care lead to earlier treatment and a shorter duration of first-episode psychosis?

2014

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“…4. Social functioning and chronic strains using the Social Functioning Questionnaire, 26 and questions on strains used in the Whitehall II Study of British Civil Servants. 5.…”

Section: Topic Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even higher rates have been observed in different settings in Pakistan, and in rural areas in particular. 24,25,26,27 While nearly all studies from around the world report that women experience roughly double the prevalence of the common mental disorders found among men, this difference was nearer to three-fold in rural Pakistan. In a rural setting in the Punjab, Mumford and his colleagues (1997) found that 66% of women were suffering from the common mental disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community (EMPIRIC): Quantitative Report

Sproston¹,

Nazroo²,

Blanchard³

et al. 2002

PsycEXTRA Dataset

112

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“…In the absence of sound evidence, it may be that such hypotheses are merely extrapolated from the large volume of data about Black Caribbean men at the forensic end of psychiatry (Bhui 2001, Bhui et al 1998, Bhui et al 2002, Hutchinson et al 1997, Littlewood and Lipsedge 1997, Lloyd 1993, Sashidharan 1993. More positively, it may be that Black Caribbean women's absence from clinical practice and associated research reflects highly evolved and effective coping strategies which serve to militate against the potentially deleterious impact of psychosocial risk factors compounded by additional stressors related to pregnancy and early motherhood Rogers 2005, Thorogood 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and mental health encounters in primary care: help-seeking and help-giving for perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women in the UK

Edge¹,

MacKian²

2010

Ethnicity & Health

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Perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women in the UK remains an intriguingly under-researched topic. Despite high levels of known psychosocial risks, Black Caribbeans remain relatively invisible among those seeking/receiving help for depression during and after pregnancy.In-depth interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of twelve Black Caribbean women selected from a lager sample (n=101) to examine prevalence and psychosocial risks for perinatal depression among this ethnic group. The study also sought to explore women's models of help-seeking. During analysis, the context in which help-seeking/giving is mediated emerged as a key issue. We explore the nature of these encounters thereby opening up the possibility of finding common ground between service users and providers for enabling women to receive the care and support they need.Whether or not women configure depressive feelings as 'symptoms' requiring external validation and intervention is a reflection both of the social embeddedness of those individuals and of how 'help-givers' perceive them and their particular needs. We suggest that the ways in which helpseeking/giving are commonly conceptualised might offer at least a partial explanation for apparently low levels of diagnosed perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women. Popular approaches to health seeking behaviours within health promotion and practice focus on individuals as the fulcrum for change, tending to overlook their embeddedness within 'reflexive communities'. This might serve to reinforce the invisibility of Black Caribbean women both in mainstream mental health services and associated research. Alternative approaches may be required to achieve government targets to reduce inequalities in access, care, and treatment and to deliver more responsive and culturally-appropriate mental health services.

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African–Caribbean men remanded to Brixton Prison

Abstract: Community services, including diversion schemes, should be especially sensitive to African-Caribbean men with schizophrenia who 'fall out of care', who are not diverted back into care and are therefore unnecessarily remanded.

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Which pathways to psychiatric care lead to earlier treatment and a shorter duration of first-episode psychosis?

Which pathways to psychiatric care lead to earlier treatment and a shorter duration of first-episode psychosis?

Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community (EMPIRIC): Quantitative Report

Ethnicity and mental health encounters in primary care: help-seeking and help-giving for perinatal depression among Black Caribbean women in the UK

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