African Fig Fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Biology, Expansion of Geographic Range, and Its Potential Status as a Soft Fruit Pest

Pfeiffer, Douglas G.; Shrader, Meredith Edana; Willbrand, Brittany N.; Sandum, Ian; Linde, Kim van der; Laub, C. A.; Mays, Ryan; Day, Eric R.

doi:10.1093/jipm/pmz018

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our study indicated that D. suzukii have a greater chance of surviving to the adult stage if high densities of interspecific competition can be avoided in grapes. However, Z. indianus could potentially use D. suzukii oviposition sites to lay their own eggs creating a co-infestation within the grapes (Pfeiffer et al 2019). This co-infestation could decrease the survival rates of D. suzukii larvae as seen in our studies at high densities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Drosophila suzukii was visually detected in the vineyard; however, most flies observed in the field and flies reared from infested grape clusters in the laboratory were Z. indianus (M.E.S., unpublished data). If Z. indianus uses D. suzukii oviposition wounds to deposit their own eggs into grapes then the interactions between the larvae of these species within grapes may affect the population dynamics of D. suzukii in Virginia vineyards (Pfeiffer et al 2019). Vineyards with both fly species present may have a lower risk of D. suzukii population growth due to possible interactions of Z. indianus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Interspecific Larval Competition on Developmental Parameters in Nutrient Sources Between Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus

Shrader

Burrack

Pfeiffer

2019

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Two invasive drosophilids, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are expanding their geographic distribution and cohabiting grape production in the Mid-Atlantic. The ecological and economic impact of these two species within vineyards is currently unknown. Zaprionus indianus was presumably not capable of ovipositing directly into grapes because they lack a serrated ovipositor and may use D. suzukii oviposition punctures for depositing their own eggs. Therefore, an interspecific larval competition assay was performed at varying larval densities using commercial medium and four commonly grown wine grapes in Virginia to investigate the impact Z. indianus larvae may have on the mortality and developmental parameters of D. suzukii larvae. Zaprionus indianus did not affect D. suzukii mortality or development parameters even at high interspecific densities when reared in commercial medium, but it did cause higher D. suzukii mortality within grapes. Mortality was also influenced by the variety of grape in which the larvae were reared, with smaller grapes having the highest D. suzukii mortality. Presence of Z. indianus also increased development time to pupariation and adult emergence for most interspecific competition levels compared with the intraspecific D. suzukii controls. Pupal volume was marginally affected at the highest interspecific larval densities. This laboratory study suggests that competition from Z. indianus and grape variety can limit D. suzukii numbers, and the implications on D. suzukii pest management be further verified in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Interspecific Larval Competition on Developmental Parameters in Nutrient Sources Between Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus

Shrader

Burrack

Pfeiffer

2019

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…While it can attack healthy unripe fruit of species with a natural opening such as figs (Commar et al., 2012), most hosts are fruits that have been injured or have fallen. Although Z. indianus has been reported emerging from grape, whether it causes injury, or rather exacerbates injury from other pests, namely D. suzukii , needs to be clarified (Pfeiffer et al., 2019). In Brazil, it adapted to Solanum lycocarpum attacking fruits throughout the fruit development period (Leão and Tldon, 2004).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the African fig fly for the territory of the EU. This species successfully colonised the Indian subcontinent more than four decades ago, and more recently South and North America. Within the EU, the pest occurs in Cyprus, Malta, Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canary Islands and Andalusia). Z. indianus is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/ 2072. The larvae of this fly feed on more than 80 plant species both cultivated and non-cultivated. Females produce around 60-70 eggs. Egg laying mostly occurs in decaying fruit or fruit with injuries or mechanical damage. However, Z. indianus can oviposit on undamaged healthy fruit such as figs, strawberries and guavas which provide a potential pathway for entry into the EU. Lower temperature thresholds are around 9-10°C. Optimum development occurs at 28°C. The number of generations per year varies from 12 to 16. Climatic conditions in many EU member states and host plant availability in those areas are conducive for establishment. The introduction of Z. indianus is expected to have an economic impact in the EU especially on fig and strawberry production. Damage caused by other fruit flies (Drosophilidae and Tephritidae) could be increased by mixed infestations. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and further spread. Z. indianus satisfies all of the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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“…Species in Drosophila subgenera and genera closely related to Drosophila commonly share niche space and natural histories and, as a result, are often attacked by overlapping or identical groups of parasitoids. For instance, the invasive African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta is attacked by Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) and Leptopilina boulardi (Pfeiffer et al, 2019; Santos et al, 2016), all of which have been recorded from Drosophila . Therefore, we also include these groups within the contents of DROP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DROP: Molecular voucher database for identification of Drosophila parasitoids

Lue

Buffington

Scheffer

et al. 2021

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Molecular identification is increasingly used to speed up biodiversity surveys and laboratory experiments. However, many groups of organisms cannot be reliably identified using standard databases such as GenBank or BOLD due to lack of sequenced voucher specimens identified by experts. Sometimes a large number of sequences are available, but with too many errors to allow identification. Here we address this problem for parasitoids of Drosophila by introducing a curated open-access molecular reference database, DROP (Drosophila parasitoids). Identifying Drosophila parasitoids is specimens are identified by taxonomists and vetted through direct comparison with primary type material. To initiate DROP, we curated 154 laboratory strains, 853 vouchers, 545 DNA sequences, 16 genomes, 11 transcriptomes, and 6 proteomes drawn from a total of 183 operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 113 described Drosophila parasitoid species and 70 provisional species. We found species richness of Drosophila parasitoids to be acutely underestimated and provide an updated taxonomic catalogue for the community. DROP offers accurate molecular identification and improves crossreferencing between individual studies that we hope will catalyze research on this diverse and fascinating model system. Our effort should also serve as an example for researchers facing similar molecular identification problems in other groups of organisms.

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African Fig Fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Biology, Expansion of Geographic Range, and Its Potential Status as a Soft Fruit Pest

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Interspecific Larval Competition on Developmental Parameters in Nutrient Sources Between Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus

Effects of Interspecific Larval Competition on Developmental Parameters in Nutrient Sources Between Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Zaprionus indianus

Pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus

DROP: Molecular voucher database for identification of Drosophila parasitoids

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