African Great Apes Are Naturally Infected with Polyomaviruses Closely Related to Merkel Cell Polyomavirus

Leendertz, Fabian H.; Scuda, Nelly; Cameron, Kenneth Neill; Kidega, T.; Zuberbühler, Klaus; Leendertz, Siv Aina J.; Couacy‐Hymann, Emmanuel; Boesch, Christophe; Calvignac, Sébastien; Ehlers, Bernhard

doi:10.1128/jvi.01585-10

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…To better understand the functions of the MCPyV miRNAs, we applied a comparative evolutionary approach to search for miRNAs in viruses related to MCPyV. To this end, we turned our attention to three recently discovered, non-human PyVs that are related to MCPyV (3, 4). Pan troglodytes verus polyomavirus 2a (PtvPyV2a) and Gorilla gorilla gorilla polyomavirus 1 (GggPyV1) are two of the closest known relatives of MCPyV, whereas the raccoon polyomavirus (RacPyV) is more distantly related to MCPyV (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a polyomavirus microRNA highly expressed in tumors

et al. 2015

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Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are associated with tumors including Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Several PyVs encode microRNAs (miRNAs) but to date no abundant PyV miRNAs have been reported in tumors. To better understand the function of the Merkel cell PyV (MCPyV) miRNA, we examined phylogenetically-related viruses for miRNA expression. We show that two primate PyVs and the more distantly-related raccoon PyV (RacPyV) encode miRNAs that share genomic position and partial sequence identity with MCPyV miRNAs. Unlike MCPyV miRNA in MCC, RacPyV miRNA is highly abundant in raccoon tumors. RacPyV miRNA negatively regulates reporters of early viral (T antigen) transcripts, yet robust viral miRNA expression is tolerated in tumors. We also identify raccoon miRNAs expressed in RacPyV-associated neuroglial brain tumors, including several likely oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs). This work describes the first PyV miRNA abundantly expressed in tumors and is consistent with a possible role for both host and viral miRNAs in RacPyV-associated tumors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a polyomavirus microRNA highly expressed in tumors

et al. 2015

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“…Preparation of the data set and downstream analyses, including maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian tree reconstructions, was conducted as described previously (12). The resulting tree evidenced the close relationship of HPyV9 and LPV, which formed a highly supported monophyletic group (bootstrap [Bp] and posterior probability [pp] values were 100 and 1, respectively) (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from LEP patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with pneumonia, and fecal samples from children with diarrhea were tested ( Table 1). A generic PCR assay using degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers was used as described previously (12). The primers had been designed to target conserved regions in the VP1 genes of the known PyVs (except the highly divergent PyV group represented by KIV, WUV, HPyV6, and HPyV7).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Human Polyomavirus Closely Related to the African Green Monkey-Derived Lymphotropic Polyomavirus

Scuda

Hofmann

Calvignac‐Spencer

et al. 2011

J Virol

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225

214

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We identified a novel human polyomavirus from a kidney transplant patient under immunosuppressive treatment, by use of a generic PCR. The genome of the virus was completely amplified and sequenced. In phylogenetic analyses, it appeared as the closest relative to the African green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV). Further investigation of clinical samples from immunocompromised patients with specific nested PCR revealed additional positive samples, indicating that the virus naturally infects humans. The virus was tentatively named human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9). The previously observed seroreactivity to LPV in human populations might find a partial explanation in the circulation of HPyV9.

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“…Polyomaviruses also infect a wide variety of mammalian and avian hosts, including the recently described novel polyomaviruses of bats (Myotis species) (32), sea lions (Zalophus californianus) (8,47), multimammate mice (Mastomys species) (33), canaries (Serinus canaria) (19), orangutans (Pongo species) (17), squirrel monkeys (Saimiri species) (46), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes subsp. verus) (28), and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of MW Polyomavirus, a Novel Polyomavirus in Human Stool

Siebrasse

Reyes

Lim

et al. 2012

J Virol

172

152

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We have discovered a novel polyomavirus present in multiple human stool samples. The virus was initially identified by shotgun pyrosequencing of DNA purified from virus-like particles isolated from a stool sample collected from a healthy child from Malawi. We subsequently sequenced the virus' 4,927-bp genome, which has been provisionally named MW polyomavirus (MWPyV). The virus has genomic features characteristic of the family Polyomaviridae but is highly divergent from other members of this family. It is predicted to encode the large T antigen and small T antigen early proteins and the VP1, VP2, and VP3 structural proteins. A real-time PCR assay was designed and used to screen 514 stool samples from children with diarrhea in St. Louis, MO; 12 specimens were positive for MWPyV. Comparison of the whole-genome sequences of the index Malawi case and one St. Louis case demonstrated that the two strains of MWPyV varied by 5.3% at the nucleotide level. The number of polyomaviruses found in the human body continues to grow, raising the question of how many more species have yet to be identified and what roles they play in humans with and without manifest disease.

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African Great Apes Are Naturally Infected with Polyomaviruses Closely Related to Merkel Cell Polyomavirus

Cited by 47 publications

References 56 publications

Identification of a polyomavirus microRNA highly expressed in tumors

Identification of a polyomavirus microRNA highly expressed in tumors

A Novel Human Polyomavirus Closely Related to the African Green Monkey-Derived Lymphotropic Polyomavirus

Identification of MW Polyomavirus, a Novel Polyomavirus in Human Stool

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