African horse sickness: Its emergence in Thailand and potential threat to other Asian countries

Lu, Gang; Pan, Jialiang; Ou, Jiajun; Shao, Ran; Hu, Xue; Wang, Caiying; Li, Shoujun

doi:10.1111/tbed.13625

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bluetongue virus (BTV) represents the best characterized of the orbiviruses, both genetically and structurally, due to the great economic burden associated with bluetongue disease in livestock [ 8 ]. Both AHSV and BTV are endemic in South Africa, causing annual outbreaks locally as well as numerous epizootics in the Mediterranean region [ 9 ], Europe [ 10 ], South-West Asia [ 11 ], and most recently in Thailand [ 12 ]. This raises the concern of emergence of these orbiviruses in areas where the Culicoides vector occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017

Snyman

Koekemoer

Schalkwyk

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a neglected virus endemic to South Africa and is considered to generally result in mild disease in equines. Specimens were analyzed from live horses that presented with undefined neurological, febrile, or respiratory signs, or sudden and unexpected death. Between 2010 and 2017, 111 of 1523 (7.3%) horse samples tested positive for EEV using a nested real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Clinical signs were reported in 106 (7.2%) EEV positive and 1360 negative horses and included pyrexia (77/106, 72.6%), icterus (20/106, 18.9%) and dyspnea (12/106, 11.3%). Neurological signs were inversely associated with EEV infection (OR < 1, p < 0.05) relative to EEV negative cases despite a high percentage of animals presenting with neurological abnormalities (51/106, 48.1%). Seventeen of the EEV positive horses also had coinfections with either West Nile (5/106, 4.7%), Middelburg (4/106, 3.8%) or African Horse sickness virus (8/106, 7.6%). To investigate a possible genetic link between EEV strains causing the observed clinical signs in horses, the full genomes of six isolates were compared to the reference strains. Based on the outer capsid protein (VP2), serotype 1 and 4 were identified as the predominant serotypes with widespread reassortment between the seven different serotypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017

Snyman

Koekemoer

Schalkwyk

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Disease spread can be limited by keeping horses in stables behind fine insect netting, but even the tiniest gaps between the netting and stable walls must be filled with sealant to stop the tiny insects from squeezing through. The netting and stables must also be sprayed with a pyrethroid insecticide [ 97 ]. Knowing the virus strain involved in an outbreak is important in choosing an effective vaccine, the only certain way of controlling epidemics [ 91 ].…”

Section: Arboviruses and Vectors In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Arboviral Threats and Their Potential Vectors in Thailand

Raksakoon

Potiwat

2021

Pathogens

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Arthropod-borne viral diseases (arboviruses) are a public-health concern in many regions of the world, including Thailand. This review describes the potential vectors and important human and/or veterinary arboviruses in Thailand. The medically important arboviruses affect humans, while veterinary arboviruses affect livestock and the economy. The main vectors described are mosquitoes, but other arthropods have been reported. Important mosquito-borne arboviruses are transmitted mainly by members of the genus Aedes (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus) and Culex (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and West Nile virus). While mosquitoes are important vectors, arboviruses are transmitted via other vectors, such as sand flies, ticks, cimicids (Family Cimicidae) and Culicoides. Veterinary arboviruses are reported in this review, e.g., duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV), and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). During arbovirus outbreaks, to target control interventions appropriately, it is critical to identify the vector(s) involved and their ecology. Knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses, and the potential for viral infections to co-circulate in mosquitoes, is also important for outbreak prediction.

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“…Recently, a new outbreak of AHS was reported in different provinces of Thailand, infecting about 422 animals and leading to 386 deaths. Although AHS is not a transmissible disease, possibly the number of infected animals is still increasing, due to the large population of insect vectors in that region [195], representing a significant threat to other Asian countries, including China, which has the largest equids population in the world [196] and about 6.8 million animals without a history of AHS vaccination [197].…”

Section: African Horse Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules

Câmara

Bueno

Resende

et al. 2020

Animals

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Donkeys (Equus asinus) and mules represent approximately 50% of the entire domestic equine herd in the world and play an essential role in the lives of thousands of people, primarily in developing countries. Despite their importance, donkeys are currently a neglected and threatened species due to abandonment, indiscriminate slaughter, and a lack of proper sanitary management. Specific knowledge about infectious viral diseases that affect this group of Equidae is still limited. In many cases, donkeys and mules are treated like horses, with the physiological differences between these species usually not taken into account. Most infectious diseases that affect the Equidae family are exclusive to the family, and they have a tremendous economic impact on the equine industry. However, some viruses may cross the species barrier and affect humans, representing an imminent risk to public health. Nevertheless, even with such importance, most studies are conducted on horses (Equus caballus), and there is little comparative information on infection in donkeys and mules. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a brief update on viruses that affect donkeys and mules, thereby compromising their performance and well-being. These diseases may put them at risk of extinction in some parts of the world due to neglect and the precarious conditions they live in and may ultimately endanger other species’ health and humans.

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African horse sickness: Its emergence in Thailand and potential threat to other Asian countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017

Epidemiology and Genomic Analysis of Equine Encephalosis Virus Detected in Horses with Clinical Signs in South Africa, 2010–2017

Current Arboviral Threats and Their Potential Vectors in Thailand

Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules

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