African swine fever in the Dominican Republic

Gonzales, Wendy; Moreno, Carlos; Duran, Uziel; Henao, Natalia Aristizábal; Bencosme, Miguel; Lora, Pedro; Reyes, Raysa; Núñez, R. Pérez; Gracia, Abelardo De; Pérez, Andrés

doi:10.1111/tbed.14341

Cited by 92 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It continues to spread in Europe, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The most recent ASF outbreaks in the Dominican Republic [2] and Haiti [3] have heightened concerns for the North American swine industry regarding preventing the entry of this deadly pig disease to the North American region [4]. ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, is a large, enveloped double-stranded DNA arbovirus of the family Asfarviridae [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes for Screening Dead Pigs for African Swine Fever

Goonewardene

Onyilagha

Goolia

et al. 2022

Viruses

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African swine fever (ASF) has spread across the globe and has reached closer to North America since being reported in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. As a result, surveillance measures have been heightened and the utility of alternative samples for herd-level monitoring and dead pig sampling have been investigated. Passive surveillance based on the investigation of dead pigs, both domestic and wild, plays a pivotal role in the early detection of an ASF incursion. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)-recommended samples for dead pigs are spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, lung, tonsil and kidney. However, obtaining these samples requires opening up the carcasses, which is time-consuming, requires skilled labour and often leads to contamination of the premises. As a result, we investigated the suitability of superficial inguinal lymph nodes (SILNs) for surveillance of dead animals. SILNs can be collected in minutes with no to minimum environmental contamination. Here, we demonstrate that the ASF virus (ASFV) genome copy numbers in SILNs highly correlate with those in the spleen and, by sampling SILN, we can detect all pigs that succumb to highly virulent and moderately virulent ASFV strains (100% sensitivity). ASFV was isolated from all positive SILN samples. Thus, sampling SILNs could be useful for routine surveillance of dead pigs on commercial and backyard farms, holding pens and dead on arrival at slaughter houses, as well as during massive die-offs of pigs due to unknown causes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes for Screening Dead Pigs for African Swine Fever

Goonewardene

Onyilagha

Goolia

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…At the end of the last century, all countries outside Africa, except Italy (specifically Sardinia, where genotype I strains remained endemic), had eradicated ASFV. The second escape from Africa occurred in 2007, and the virus has since spread through large areas of Russia, Eastern Europe, China, Southeast Asia, and recently to the Dominican Republic [6] and Haiti. This has been characterized as being due to the genotype II Georgia 2007 strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In August 2018, the disease reached the world's largest pig producer, China, and it is now spreading in Southeast Asian countries. The most recently affected countries are Papua New Guinea, India [4], Germany [5], the Dominican Republic [6], and Haiti [7,8]. There currently is no commercial vaccine available for control of ASF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of genotypes and serogroups of African swine fever virus

Zhang

et al. 2022

Virus Genes

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). The virus causes an acute highly hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs, with high mortality. Although the overall genome mutation rate of ASFV, a large DNA virus, is relatively low, ASFV exhibits genetic and antigenic diversity. ASFV can be classified into 24 genotypes on the basis of the B646L gene. Cross-protected ASFV strains can be divided into eight serogroups on the basis of antibodymediated hemadsorption inhibition. Here, we review research progress on ASFV genotyping and serogrouping, and explain how this information assists in the rapid identification of virus origin during ASF outbreaks and will aid in the development of ASF vaccines.

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“…The sensitivity of the analytical methods and pipelines could identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in outbreaks occurring within short epidemiological timescales. For example, since the first reported introduction of ASFV in Georgia in 2007, this genotype II variant has evolved over time into multiple genetic subvariants as it spread, causing outbreaks in Russia (2007), the Baltic States (2014), Poland (2014), Belgium (2018), China (2018), Vietnam (2019), Cambodia (2019), North Korea (2019), Mongolia (2019) and Germany (2020), and most recently in the Dominican Republic (2021) [29]. The parent Georgia 2007 isolate has since accumulated mutations, including potentially attenuating mutations, that could result in the emergence of less virulent variants (Wu et al, 2020) causing atypical or chronic infections that may potentially be missed by passive surveillance systems.…”

Section: Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Plasticity of African Swine Fever Virus: Implications for Diagnostics and Live-Attenuated Vaccines

Faburay

2022

Pathogens

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic and wild pigs presenting a significant threat to the global swine industry. Following its introduction in Caucasus, Georgia, in 2007, the genome of the genotype II of African swine fever virus (ASFV) strain Georgia-07 and its derivatives accumulated significant mutations, resulting in the emergence of genetic variants within short epidemiological timescales as it spreads and infects different hosts in diverse ecosystems, causing outbreaks in Europe, South Asia, South East Asia and the Caribbean. This suggests that ASFV, with a comparatively large and complex DNA genome, is susceptible to genetic mutations including deletions and that although the virus is environmentally stable, it is genetically unstable. This has implications for the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for disease detection and surveillance. Analysis of the ASFV genome revealed recombination hotspots, which in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses represent key drivers of genetic diversity. The ability of pox virus, a dsDNA virus with a genome complexity similar to ASFV, regaining virulence following the deletion of a virulence gene via gene amplification, coupled with the recent emergence and spread of live-attenuated ASFV vaccine strains causing disease and death in pigs in China, raise legitimate concerns around the use of live-attenuated ASFV vaccines in non-endemic regions to control the potential introduction. Further research into the risk of using live-attenuated ASFV in non-endemic regions is highly needed.

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African swine fever in the Dominican Republic

Cited by 92 publications

References 4 publications

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes for Screening Dead Pigs for African Swine Fever

Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes for Screening Dead Pigs for African Swine Fever

A systematic review of genotypes and serogroups of African swine fever virus

Genome Plasticity of African Swine Fever Virus: Implications for Diagnostics and Live-Attenuated Vaccines

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