African swine fever virus excretion patterns in persistently infected animals: A quantitative approach

Ferreira, Helena Cardoso de Carvalho; Weesendorp, Eefke; Elbers, A.R.W.; Bouma, A.; Quak, S.; Stegeman, J.A.; Loeffen, W.L.A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.025

Cited by 88 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Samples were analysed in a qPCR to determine the concentration of viral DNA, according to the procedure described in de Carvalho Ferreira et al (2012). Standard curves for each ASFV isolate used (OURT 88/1, LIV 13/33, Georgia 2007/1, Malta'78,Netherlands'86,Brazil'78) were prepared by adding different dilutions of virus stock to ASFV-negative tick suspensions.…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Qpcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of African swine fever virus replication in hard ticks

Ferreira¹,

Zúquete

Wijnveld

et al. 2014

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Section: Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Qpcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of African swine fever virus replication in hard ticks

Ferreira¹,

Zúquete

Wijnveld

et al. 2014

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…In the initial outbreak that occurred near The Hague in 1986, this ASFV strain caused 19% mortality within a farm over a period of 21 days (Terpstra & Wensvoort, ). This virus was already used for transmission and pathogenesis studies (de Carvalho Ferreira, Weesendorp, Quak, Stegeman, & Loeffen, ; de Carvalho Ferreira et al., , ) and thus, important background data were available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for long-term carrier status of pigs after African swine fever virus infection

Petrov

Forth

Zani

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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This study targeted the assessment of a potential African swine fever virus (ASFV) carrier state of 30 pigs in total which were allowed to recover from infection with ASFV "Netherlands'86" prior exposure to six healthy sentinel pigs for more than 2 months. Throughout the whole trial, blood and swab samples were subjected to routine virological and serological investigations. At the end of the trial, necropsy of all animals was performed and viral persistence and distribution were assessed. Upon infection, a wide range of clinical and pathomorphological signs were observed. After an initial acute phase in all experimentally inoculated pigs, 66.6% recovered completely and seroconverted. However, viral genome was detectable in blood samples for up to 91 days. Lethal outcomes were observed in 33.3% of the pigs with both acute and prolonged courses. No ASFV transmission occurred over the whole in-contact phase from survivors to sentinels. Similarly, infectious ASFV was not detected in any of the tissue samples from ASFV convalescent and in-contact pigs. These findings indicate that the suggested role of ASFV survivors is overestimated and has to be reconsidered thoroughly for future risk assessments.

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“…Studies of virus persistence and the transmission of ASFV to susceptible animals are scarce. In vivo experiments using European domestic pigs have revealed an infectious period of moderately virulent virus isolates ranging from 20 to 40 days [66]. Other in vivo study of ASFV transmission with a virus isolate of low virulence have shown that recovered pigs are still able to transmit the virus to naive populations three months after being infected [67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

Torre²,

et al. 2015

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African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products.This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever and functional disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Lesions are mainly characterized by congestive-haemorrhagic alterations. ASF epidemiology varies significantly between countries, regions and continents, since it depends on the characteristics of the virus in circulation, the presence of wild hosts and reservoirs, environmental conditions and human social behaviour. Furthermore, a specific host will not necessarily always play the same active role in the spread and maintenance of ASF in a particular area.Currently, ASF is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries where wild hosts and tick vectors (Ornithodoros) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it.

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African swine fever virus excretion patterns in persistently infected animals: A quantitative approach

Cited by 88 publications

References 10 publications

No evidence of African swine fever virus replication in hard ticks

No evidence of African swine fever virus replication in hard ticks

No evidence for long-term carrier status of pigs after African swine fever virus infection

African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge

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