“…However, it is documented that socio-political or socio-economic changes can affect customer engagement with the COO label (Coleman et al, 2022;Dyer, 2017), as new and different extrinsic product attributes become prioritised and favoured in response to external changes, beliefs and pressures related to, or experienced within, the nation state. Recent examples include shifts within the socio-political landscape resulting from the United Kingdom (UK) leaving the European Union (EU) and the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the return of psycho-political forces impacting retail, such as consumer ethnocentrism, local identity and global animosity, changing consumer behaviour as the product attribute of origin reinforces the importance of COO information on grocery labels influencing brand perceptions and purchasing decisions (Naeem, 2021;Ardley, 2018;Steenkamp, 2017). For example, consumption changes within the UK associated within the transition period found a 6% increase in demand for UK FMCG products and a 13% decrease for EU FMCG products (Nardotto and Sequeira, 2021).…”