OBJECTIVE
To utilize a human factors and systems engineering approach to understand contributors to surgical readmissions from a patient and provider perspective.
BACKGROUND
Prior studies on readmission neglect the patient perspective. To address this gap and to better inform intervention design, we evaluated how transitions of care relate to and influence readmission from the patient and clinician perspective using the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model.
METHODS
Patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge following complex abdominal surgery were interviewed. A focus group of inpatient clinician providers was conducted. Questions were guided by the SEIPS framework and content analyzed. Data were collected concurrently from the medical record for a mixed-methods approach.
RESULTS
Readmission occurred at a median 8 days (range, 1–25) following discharge. All patients had follow-up scheduled with their surgeon, but readmission occurred prior to this in 72% of patients. Primary readmission diagnoses included infection, gastrointestinal complications, and dehydration. Patients (n=18) and clinician providers (n=6) identified a number of factors during the transition of care that may have contributed to readmission, including poor patient and caregiver understanding; inadequate discharge preparation for home care; insufficient educational process and materials, negatively impacted by electronic health record design; and inadequate care team communication.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to utilize a human factors and systems engineering approach to evaluate the impact of the quality of the transition of care and its influence on readmission from the patient and clinician perspective. Important targets for future interventions include enhancing the discharge process, improving education materials, and increasing care team coordination, with the overarching theme that improved patient and caregiver understanding and engagement are essential to decrease readmission and post-discharge health care utilization.