After the Crimea crisis: Employee discrimination in Russia and Ukraine

Abstract

This paper examines the issue of employee discrimination after a political crisis: the annexation of Crimea. The annexation, which resulted in a political crisis in Russian-Ukrainian relations, is a setting which allows us to test if a bilateral political issue caused employee discrimination. We use a quasi-experimental approach to examine how the political crisis influenced participation in major sports leagues in Russia and Ukraine. The results show that the employment conditions significantly worsened since the Crimea crisis started.

Football players in light of economic value theory: Critical review and conceptualisation

“…Many studies on the drivers of the value of football players deem these values as proxies for transfer fees in their empirical settings (see subsequent Section 3.2). Furthermore, whether they are considered as proxies for transfer fees or for diverse variables such as superstardom, quality, salaries, or talent, Transfermarkt values are commonly used in a wide variety of empirical settings to investigate football economic questions such as productive efficiency (Boto-García et al, 2023), attendance (Baydina et al, 2021;Goller & Krumer, 2020;Schreyer et al, 2016;Serrano et al, 2015), referee bias (Faltings et al, 2023), valuation of clubs (Scelles et al, 2016), team performance (Massaro et al, 2019;Scelles & Khanmoradi, 2023), playing time (Naidenova et al, 2020), sport leagues organisational performance (Terrien & Andreff, 2020), TV audience (Schreyer et al, 2018), brand strength (Coates et al, 2017), results forecast (Peeters, 2018;Reade & Garcia-del-Barrio, 2023) or wages (Szymanski, 2022). In the meantime, several newspapers report the use of Transfermarkt values in the bargaining between football clubs for actual transfer fees 12 or in financial documentation.…”