“…Literacy practices such as think-pair-share (Lyman, 1981), reciprocal teaching (Palincsar & Brown, 1984), and jigsaw (Aronson, Blaney, Stephan, Sikes, & Snapp, 1978) allow for collaboration in which students are engaged in speaking, and listening for information and idea formation are key for making predictions/ hypotheses, generate investigation designs, and generate claims. The graffiti activity (Gallavan & Kottler, 2002) can be devised to provide students with opportunities to then share questions, designs, and claims with one another by jotting their ideas on to posters mounted around the classroom and then systematically rotating around the room adding to each other's ideas on the posters. Reciprocal teaching and jigsaw can also be used to help students cooperatively consult and question expert voices in texts.…”