Afternoon nap and nighttime sleep with risk of micro- and macrovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly population

Chen, Gang; Tang, Kaka; Chen, Feng; Wei, Shichao; Lin, Fen; Yao, Jin; Chen, Ling; Huang, Huibin; Liang, Jing; Li, Liantao; Lin, Wei; Li, Lin; Chen, Hongjie; Li, Meizhi; Gong, Xueying; Peng, Shushan; Lu, Jieli; Bi, Yufang; Wang, Weiqing; Ning, Guang; Wen, Junping

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.404

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the benefits of napping described above, frequent habitual napping (“essential napping”) has been linked with a number of subsequent negative outcomes, including increased risk for hypertension [83], microvascular disease [26], depression [28], diabetes [84], osteoporosis [85], functional limitations [86], general medical morbidity [27], increased mortality [87], and cognitive decline [5]. These associations have predominantly been identified in older adults but also exist in middle age [26,83] and young adults [89].…”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These associations have predominantly been identified in older adults but also exist in middle age [26,83] and young adults [89]. …”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certainly, short nocturnal sleep has been linked to a number of unfavorable health outcomes, including cognitive decline [102] and mortality [103], and poor sleep quality leads to more subsequent daytime napping [104]. However, counter to this hypothesis, many studies have statistically controlled for nocturnal sleep length or have removed individuals with poor sleep from analyses [26,84,89], and others have found that napping and non-napping older adults do not differ in terms of nocturnal sleep efficiency [28]. Nevertheless, these studies only take into account total sleep time and/or sleep efficiency and do not account for sleep architecture (ie, sleep staging).…”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep apnea, a disorder in which breathing ceases periodically during the night [106], has been suggested to mediate essential napping and negative outcomes [26,83,85]. Sleep apnea prevalence increases dramatically in aged individuals, and it has been shown to exacerbate a number of disorders [107] and cause or contribute to cognitive decline [81].…”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naps facilitate executive functioning [6,23,24], memory formation [10–18] subsequent learning [19,20] and emotional processing [21–25]. Yet, paradoxically, there are also a multitude of studies linking frequent napping with negative outcomes, especially in older populations [26–29]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Mantua

Spencer

2017

Sleep Medicine

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The mid-day nap, sometimes called a siesta, is a ubiquitous occurrence across the lifespan. It is well established that in addition to reducing sleepiness, mid-day naps offer a variety of benefits: memory consolidation, preparation for subsequent learning, executive functioning enhancement, and a boost in emotional stability. These benefits are present even if a sufficient amount of sleep is obtained during the night prior. However, we present a paradox: in spite of these reported benefits of naps, frequent napping has also been associated with numerous negative outcomes (eg, cognitive decline, hypertension, diabetes), particularly in older populations. This association exists even when statistically controlling for relevant health- and sleep-affecting determinants. An emerging hypothesis suggests inflammation is a mediator between mid-day naps and poor health outcomes, yet further research is necessary. Given this, it may be premature to ‘prescribe’ naps as a health enhancer. Herein, we aggregate findings from several branches of sleep research (eg, developmental neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, sleep medicine) to critically examine the paradoxical role of naps in cognitive and somatic health. This review uncovers gaps in the literature to guide research opportunities in the field.

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Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These associations have predominantly been identified in older adults but also exist in middle age [26,83] and young adults [89]. …”

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frequent Napping Is Associated With Negative Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Mantua

Spencer

2017

Sleep Medicine

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Association of longitudinal patterns of nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration with risk of multimorbidity

Guo

Chen

et al. 2023

Sleep Health

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Daytime napping is associated with retinal microcirculation: a large population-based study in China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Sleep

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Study Objectives To investigate the association between daytime napping and retinal microcirculation. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from a prospective population-based cohort. 2,662 participants were recruited after quota sampling. Information on napping was collected through face-to-face interviews. Retinal vascular calibers (RVCs), including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arterio-to-venous ratio (AVR), were obtained from fundus photography. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline curve were performed to determine the association between RVCs and daytime napping duration. Results 56.4% participants reported daytime napping regularly. Compared to no nap, daytime nap was related to higher CRAE, with nap duration of 0.5–1 h showing the most significant association. 0.5–1 h daytime nappers displayed an average of 4.18 µm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45–5.91, p < 0.001) wider CRAE than non-nappers after adjustment. No significant association was found between CRVE and daytime napping. Moreover, individuals with 0.5–1 h daytime napping had a lower risk for AVR reduction (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.86, p = 0.001) than non-nappers. Similar association persisted in non-hypertensive population. Restricted cubic spline indicated a J-shaped relationship between AVR reduction and nap duration. Conclusion Retinal microcirculation was positively associated with self-reported 0.5–1 h daytime napping. Better indicators of retinal microcirculation were probably related to nap duration in a J-shaped manner. Also, the possibly beneficial role of 0.5–1 h daytime napping on retinal microcirculation might be independent of clinically diagnosed vascular diseases.

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Afternoon nap and nighttime sleep with risk of micro- and macrovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly population

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Association of longitudinal patterns of nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration with risk of multimorbidity

Daytime napping is associated with retinal microcirculation: a large population-based study in China

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