Afterpulse measurement of JUNO 20-inch PMTs

Zhao, Rong; Анфимов, Н.; Chen, Yu; Hu, H.; Hu, Jun; Ji, X. L.; Korablev, Denis; Li, Min; Olshevskiy, A.; Rybnikov, A.; Qin, Z. H.; Wang, Jun; Wang, Wei; Wang, Zhimin; Wonsak, B.

doi:10.1007/s41365-022-01162-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…XENON1T [21] and XMASS [43] gave the same assumptions for the first peak. But similar works by JUNO [44] and KM3NeT [20] assigned the first peak to H 2 + .…”

Section: After-pulsementioning

confidence: 67%

Performance evaluation of the 8-inch MCP-PMT for Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Jinping Neutrino Experiment plans to deploy a new type of 8-inch MCP-PMT with high photon detection efficiency for MeV-scale neutrino measurements. This work studies the performance of the MCP-PMTs, including the photon detection efficiency, the charge resolution of the single photoelectron, the transition time spread, single photoelectron response, rates of dark counts and after pulses. We find a long tail in the charge distribution, and combined with the high photon detection efficiency, the overall energy resolution sees substantial improvements. Those results will be provided as the inputs to detector simulation and design. Our results show that the new PMT satisfies all the requirements of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment.

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“…XENON1T [21] and XMASS [43] gave the same assumptions for the first peak. But similar works by JUNO [44] and KM3NeT [20] assigned the first peak to H 2 + .…”

Section: After-pulsementioning

confidence: 67%

Performance evaluation of the 8-inch MCP-PMT for Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Zhang¹,

Xu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The results show that the larger the percentage of Cherenkov PEs (higher CSR), the simpler the reconstruction direction. We note that after-pulse has little impact on the reconstruction results of these SlowLS samples since it usually appears a few hundred nanoseconds after a signal [50]. In contrast, the angular reconstruction mainly depends on the forward Cherenkov light, usually in the first 10 ns.…”

Section: Performance Of Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reconstruction algorithm for a novel Cherenkov scintillation detector

et al. 2023

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For future MeV-scale neutrino experiments, a Cherenkov scintillation detector, CSD, is of particular interest for its capability to reconstruct both energy and direction for charged particles. A type of new target material, slow liquid scintillator, SlowLS, which can be used to separate Cherenkov and scintillation lights, is one of the options for the neutrino detectors. A multi-hundred ton spherical CSD is simulated using a Geant4-based Monte Carlo software, which handles the detailed the micro processes of MeV particles and optical photons and the functions for photomultiplier, PMT, and readout electronics. Twelve SlowLS samples are simulated and studied to cover a wide range of scintillation light yields and scintillation emission time constants. Based on the detailed knowledge of the signal processes, simplified functions are constructed to predict the charge and time signals on the PMTs to fulfill an efficient reconstruction for the energy, direction, and position of charged particles. The performance of the SlowLS reconstruction, including the resulting energy, angular, and position resolution, and particle identification capability, is presented for these samples. The dependence of the performance on the scintillation light yield and emission time constants is understood. This study will be a guideline for future MeV-scale neutrino CSD design and SlowLS development for the interested physics goals.

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“…(photoelectrons), and the rate is much lower than 1 Hz for signals larger than 3 p.e. (assuming DCR in SPE from photocathode approximately 10 kHz and a 10 ns coincidence window) [44,45] and the rate of big pulses related to after pulse in dark is also much lower than 1 Hz [36,37]. For a better understanding of the sources contributing to the dark count, including thermal emission, flashers of the 20-inch PMT, after pulse, muons, and natural radioactivity, a 20-inch PMT test system is employed to measure the dark count rate (DCR) for large pulses [46].…”

Section: Large Pulses From Pmt Dark Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, ongoing research is being conducted on scintillation glass [30][31][32]. Studies have also focused on flasher (unlike genuine light emission induced by dynodes, see in [33], also there is light emission caused by a discharge on the sharp edge inside the PMT or the voltage divider) [18,34,35], after-pulse related big pulses [36,37] and large pulses, as seen in [38]. To expand on previous investigations regarding muon-generated large pulses, we further explore the influence of natural radioactivity for a comprehensive understanding of related signals from PMTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark count of 20-inch PMTs generated by natural radioactivity

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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The primary objective of the JUNO experiment is to determine the ordering of neutrino masses using a 20-kton liquid-scintillator detector. The 20-inch photomultiplier tube (PMT) plays a crucial role in achieving excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV. Understanding the characteristics and features of the PMT is vital for comprehending the detector's performance, particularly regarding the occurrence of large pulses in PMT dark counts. This research paper aims to further investigate the origin of these large pulses in the 20-inch PMT dark count through measurements and simulations. Our results confirm that natural radioactivity and muons striking the PMT glass are the main sources of the large pulses. We evaluate their contribution quantitatively by performing spectrum fitting. By analyzing the PMT dark count spectrum, it becomes possible to roughly estimate the radioactivity levels in the surrounding environment.

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Afterpulse measurement of JUNO 20-inch PMTs

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Performance evaluation of the 8-inch MCP-PMT for Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Performance evaluation of the 8-inch MCP-PMT for Jinping Neutrino Experiment

Reconstruction algorithm for a novel Cherenkov scintillation detector

Dark count of 20-inch PMTs generated by natural radioactivity

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