Afterword: Common themes and next steps.

Abstract

T he 15 interventions described in this book vary on a range of dimensions.Some are delivered through one-on-one intervention (e.g., Baby Books: Chapter 3, Reich & Díaz), others use a group format (e.g., Moms' Empowerment Program: Chapter 12, Grogan-Kaylor, Howell, Galano, & Graham-Bermann), and still others use universal education approaches (e.g., Legal Prohibitions: Chapter 15, Gershoff & Durrant). The format of each intervention is tied to its theory of change; for some interventions, sustainable change is realized when parent education is individualized through one-on-one sessions. For other interventions, change is effected through smaller doses to a larger audience, in the expectation that communitywide attitude shifts are necessary for sustained reductions in parents' use of physical punishment. In addition to such structural differences, the interventions vary on a few other key dimensions that we wish to highlight. PROHIBITION OR REPLACEMENTThe interventions in this book were included because they have each demonstrated through research that they are effective at reducing physical punishment. The majority of the interventions explicitly include content about physical punishment, which typically takes the form of education about the harms to children that have been linked to parents' use of physical punishment