Tin-based binary chalcogenide Sn-X (X ¼ S, Se, Te) compounds have attracted extensive interest in the optical, optoelectronic, catalysis, and flexible systems due to their intriguing performances. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The Sn-X (X ¼ S, Se, Te) compounds are typically layered materials and usually have three crystalline phases: hexagonal, monoclinic, and orthorhombic; orthorhombic phase is denoted by chemical formula SnX, and hexagonal and monoclinic phases are labeled as SnX 2 . [8] Until now, SnSe and SnTe compounds have already achieved great progress in many fields, especially for thermoelectronics and ferroelectrics, [9][10][11][12] and many important reviews have been reported on SnSe and SnTe compounds due to their rapid development. [8,[13][14][15][16] For example, in 2020, Chen et al. [14] summarized a comprehensive overview of controlled synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric performance in SnSe. In 2018, Shi et al. [8] summarized the growth, characterization, and applications (photovoltaics, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, phase-change memory devices, and topological insulator) of SnSe. In 2018, Li et al. [15] reviewed the development of SnS, SnSe, and SnTe, mainly focusing on the controllable tuning of the electron and phonon transport as well as the challenges for further optimization and practical applications. Among Sn-X (X ¼ S, Se, Te) compounds, tin monosulfide (SnS) as a typical black phosphorus analogue, has also received intensive scientific attention due to its unique properties, such as inexpensive, sustainable, suitable bandgap between Si (1.12 eV) and GaAs (1.43 eV), [17] high absorption coefficient (10 À4 cm À1 ), [18] strong mechanical properties, and anisotropic optoelectronic, [19][20][21] which are of great value in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensors, and nanomedicines. [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27] In addition, layered SnS with suitable spacing structures hold promising potentials in the field of lithium (Li)-ion batteries and sodium (Na)-ion batteries due to their relatively high electrical conductivity and theoretical capacity. [28][29][30][31][32] However, although popular SnS has achieved great progress in a variety of fields, few comprehensive reviews have hitherto focused on the field of SnS-based nanostructures and their fascinating applications.Inspired by important reviews on SnSe reported by Chen [14] and Li [8] in recent years, we comprehensively summarized the synthesis, characterization, and the latest progress of SnS-based nanostructures, as shown in Figure 1. First, the most commonly employed techniques (hydrothermal, vapor deposition, electrostatic assembly, etc.) for preparing SnS and SnS-based nanostructures are presented in detail with their recent progress. Furthermore, the fundamental properties (crystal structure, electronic band structure, optical property, and Raman spectroscopy) and diverse applications (batteries, solar cells, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, nonlinear properties, and biomedical applicatio...