In this work, a multistep microcontinuous flow-through
synthesis
procedure for the generation of homogeneous, high-quality silver nanoprisms
is presented. The particle synthesis is based on the wet chemical
reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of the polyanionic polymer
poly(sodium styrenesulphonate). To obtain a high yield of homogeneous
prism-shaped Ag nanoparticles with a triangular base, two main experimental
steps are necessary. The first step is the synthesis of seed particles.
To match the quality criteria for small, homogeneous seed particles,
the synthesis was carried out in a microcontinuous flow-through system.
Constant residence times and an effective mixing of the reactants
were realized by the application of the microsegmented flow technique.
The advantage of good reactant mixing was also adapted in the second
experimental step. The growth of silver nanoprisms by reduction of
silver nitrate on the noncapped surfaces of the seed particles was
again carried out within microfluid segments during a continuous flow-through
synthesis. The obtained colloidal solutions of both, Ag seeds and
Ag nanoprisms, were analyzed using differential centrifugal sedimentation,
UV–vis spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy.
The size distributions of the product particles of the individual
process steps were extremely narrow. For the Ag seed particles, an
average particle diameter of 3.8 nm with a distribution half-width
of 2.3 nm was found. The edge length of the Ag nanoprisms could be
varied between 35 and 180 nm, while the size distribution remained
narrow and the yield of particles of the desired shape high. Because
of the strong sensitivity of the optical properties of the nanoprisms
from the geometrical aspects, Ag nanoprisms promise a high potential
for sensor applications. Constraints on nanoparticles presented by
these applications, such as uniformity and narrow size distributions,
can be met by microreaction technology. In particular, by applying
a microsegmented flow, an improvement of the product quality can be
achieved because of the enhanced segment-internal mixing and the suppression
of a residence time distribution.