6Running title: Engineering cellobiose and xylose metabolism in P. putida 7 Abstract 1 Given its capacity to tolerate stress, NAD(P)H/ NAD(P) balance, and increased ATP levels, 2 the platform strain Pseudomonas putida EM42, a genome-edited derivative of the soil 3 bacterium P. putida KT2440, can efficiently host a suite of harsh reactions of biotechnological 4 interest. Because of the lifestyle of the original isolate, however, the nutritional repertoire of P. 5 putida EM42 is centered largely on organic acids, aromatic compounds and some hexoses 6 (glucose and fructose). To enlarge the biochemical network of P. putida EM42 to include 7 disaccharides and pentoses, we implanted heterologous genetic modules for D-cellobiose and 8 D-xylose metabolism into the enzymatic complement of this strain. Cellobiose was actively 9 transported into the cells through the ABC complex formed by native proteins PP1015-PP1018.
10The knocked-in -glucosidase BglC from Thermobifida fusca catalyzed intracellular cleavage 11 of the disaccharide to D-glucose, which was then channelled to the default central metabolism.
12Xylose oxidation to the dead end product D-xylonate was prevented by by deleting the gcd 13 gene that encodes the broad substrate range quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. 14 Intracellular intake was then engineered by expressing the Escherichia coli proton-coupled 15 symporter XylE. The sugar was further metabolized by the products of E. coli xylA (xylose 16 isomerase) and xylB (xylulokinase) towards the pentose phosphate pathway. The resulting P. 17 putida strain co-utilized xylose with glucose or cellobiose to complete depletion of the sugars. 18 These results not only show the broadening of the metabolic capacity of a soil bacterium 19 towards new substrates, but also promote P. putida EM42 as a platform for plug-in of new 20 biochemical pathways for utilization and valorization of carbohydrate mixtures from 21 lignocellulose processing.22 23 24recruitment of one heterologous -glucosidase for intracellular cellobiose hydrolysis, and the 1 implementation of three enterobacterial genes (xylose transporter, isomerase and kinase) 2 sufficed to cause disaccharide and the pentose co-utilization by P. putida EM42 with 3 inactivated glucose dehydrogenase while maintaining its ability to use glucose. We also 4 demonstrate that P. putida metabolism generates more ATP when cells are grown on cellobiose 5 instead of glucose. This study expands the catalytic scope of P. putida towards utilization of 6 major components of all three lignocellulose-derived fractions. Moreover, given that the 7 cellobiose, as the bulk by-product of standard cellulose saccharification, frequently remains 8 untouched in the sugar mix (due to the inability of most microorganisms to assimilate it), our 9 results demonstrate rational tailoring of an industrially relevant microbial host to achieve a 10 specific step in such a biotechnological value chain. 11 12 13 14 6 1 Figure 1. Engineering Pseudomonas putida EM42 for co-utilization of D-cellobios...