Again: ‘The New Morphology’

Eames, Arthur J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1951.tb05167.x

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…39 tively states not only that "les Angiospermes sont derive'es directement des Rhyniales devonienines," but also (supposedly on the basis of their external morphology) that "les organes reproducteurs des Angiospermes, e'tamine et piece feinelle, rep'isentent assurement les parties le plus conservatrices de tout le corps de ces vegetaux." As partial proof for this thesis Bertrand cites examples of "remnants of ancient dichotomies" in stamens of Carpinus, Ulmus, and Myrica, apparently ignoring the fact that various authors (for complete references see Puri, 1951, andEames, 1950) have clearly and conclusivelv shown that the members of the Amentiferae are highly evolved in all organs. Furthermore, it has previously been emphasized (Bailey and Howard, 1941;Bailey, 1951;Tippo, 1946Tippo, , 1950 that intensive morphological and anatomical studies of many angiosperm families have demonstrated that no one organ or part of the plant is to be regarded as any more conservative than any other.…”

Section: Primarily Duementioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Morphology and Relationships of the Magnoliaceae. I. Trends of Specialization in the Stamens

Canright

1952

American Journal of Botany

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Section: Primarily Duementioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Morphology and Relationships of the Magnoliaceae. I. Trends of Specialization in the Stamens

Canright

1952

American Journal of Botany

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“…In angiosperms, each carpel is generally vascularized by three bundles: one follows along its median plane, called dorsal or median bundle; and the other two continue along its margins, called lateral or ventral bundles (e.g., Eames, 1931; Eames, 1951; Puri, 1951; Eyde, 1971; Eyde, 1975; Endress, 1994; Leins & Erbar, 2010). This pattern of carpellary vasculature may vary with lateral or additional bundles described in many taxa, as basal angiosperms (e.g., Igersheim & Endress, 1998), some monocots as Acorales (e.g., Buzgo & Endress, 2000), Alismatales (e.g., Igersheim, Buzgo & Endress, 2000; Remizowa et al, 2011), Commelinales (e.g., Hardy & Stevenson, 2000; Hardy, Stevenson & Kiss, 2000), Poales (e.g., Remizowa et al, 2012; Reynders et al, 2012) and Zingiberales (e.g., Box & Rudall, 2006), and also amongst eudicots (e.g., Litt & Stevenson, 2003; Nuraliev, Sokoloff & Oskolski, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral vasculature and its variation for carpellary supply inAnthurium(Araceae, Alismatales)

Poli

Temponi

Coan

2017

PeerJ

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Introduction and AimsAnthurium is the largest genus of Araceae, with 950 species distributed in the neotropics. Despite the great diversity of the genus, the knowledge of its floral vasculature is based on observations in only two species, viz. A. denudatum and A. lhotzkyanum, with remarkable variation in vascular carpellary supply: carpels are either vascularized by ventral bundles alone or by reduced dorsal bundles in addition to the ventral ones. Our main objective is to test this peculiar variation through a detailed anatomical study of the floral vasculature in taxa belonging to some sections of Anthurium designated as monophyletic groups in recent phylogenies.MethodsWe compare the floral vasculature of 20 neotropical species belonging to distinct sections of Anthurium, using both light and confocal laser scanning microscopies.ResultsThe number and position of vascular bundles are constant within the tepals and stamens, regardless of the species and sections studied. However, the gynoecium vasculature exhibits variation between species belonging to the same or different sections. Our results reveal two patterns of vasculature: carpels vascularized by synlateral bundles alone (Pattern A) and carpels vascularized by both dorsal and synlateral bundles (Pattern B). Pattern A is shared by the majority of species studied here and corroborates the previous data in the literature. Pattern B occurs in three species: A. affine (Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium series Pachyneurium), A. obtusum and A. scandens (Anthurium sect. Tetraspermium), described here for the first time for the genus.ConclusionsThe variation in the supply to the carpels in Anthurium is corroborated here. However, our results in addition to those from the available literature suggest the existence of three patterns (A, B and C) of carpellary vasculature. Based on the recent phylogeny of Anthurium it is possible to notice that the three patterns of carpellary vasculature occur in representatives of Clade B and deserve to be investigated in a larger number of species. Pattern A could be a plesiomorphy for the genus and the occurrence of dorsal bundles could be a derived character. Our data contributes to the taxonomy and to the understanding of the floral evolution of the largest neotropical genus of Araceae.

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“…In the light of vascular anatomy study in Primulaceae, Douglas ( 1936 ) also thought the placenta to be carpellary in this family. However, in Eames' opinion ( 1951 ), there were not only normally oriented bundles but also inverted ones in the placenta of Portulacaceae and Primulaceae, the two genera of the Caryophyllaceae, so that the placenta was composed of both axile and carpellary tissues, whereas in cases of only inverted bundles were present the placenta was entirely carpellary. In another study it was described that the placenta of Dianthus was presumed to be fused carpel tissue because the central placental vascular strand in Dianthus represented fused ventral carpellary traces (Thomson, 1942 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

Guo

Bai

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Dianthus chinensis is a perennial herbaceous plant with great ornamental, botanical, ecological, and medicinal value. The pistil of D. chinensis is composed of two fused carpels with free central placenta and two separate styles. The placenta is a columnar structure extending about two-thirds the length of the maturing fruit, which is typical of the Caryophyllaceous. Traditionally, free central placenta is thought to have evolved from axial placenta by septal disappearance, and axial placenta to have occurred through fusion of conduplicate carpels with marginal placenta. However, the traditional opinion is becoming more and more inconsistent with the new data gained in recent research of angiosperm systematics. To clarify the origin of D. chinensis pistil, the present anatomical study was carried out. The results show that the vascular system of placenta is independent to that of the ovary wall in D. chinensis. Moreover, in the central part of placenta there are one or two amphicribral bundles, and correspondingly numerous ones in the pistil which supply the ovules/seeds. It is obvious that the central amphicribral bundles in placenta are comparable to the counterparts in branches but not to those in leaves or their derivatives. Therefore, it is reasonable to deduce that the placenta of D. chinensis was not derived from conduplicate carpels through fusion of collateral vascular bundles, and actually a floral axis with ovules/seeds laterally adhering. On the contrary, the ovary wall was the lateral appendages of the floral axis. The result of the present study is completely in agreement with Unifying Theory, in which the placenta is taken as an ovule-bearing branch. Except for D. chinensis, the similar vascular organization has been observed in placenta of numerous isolated taxa. But till now, it is uncertain that whether this vascular organization pattern is popular in the whole angiosperms or not. More intensive and extensive investigations are needed.

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Again: ‘The New Morphology’

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

The Comparative Morphology and Relationships of the Magnoliaceae. I. Trends of Specialization in the Stamens

The Comparative Morphology and Relationships of the Magnoliaceae. I. Trends of Specialization in the Stamens

Floral vasculature and its variation for carpellary supply inAnthurium(Araceae, Alismatales)

Dianthus chinensis L.: The Structural Difference between Vascular Bundles in the Placenta and Ovary Wall Suggests Their Different Origin

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