Against the Norm: The Act of Helping During Violent Extremist Attacks

Goh, Pamela

doi:10.1142/9789813275447_0019

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The act of helping has been observed in both crises and non-crises, and can also range from extreme heroic actions to simpler altruistic acts of compassion. Responding heroically could be about risking oneself to directly intervene and stop a perpetrator, whereas simpler How Agency in a Crisis Influences Victims' Prosociality compassionate acts could mean providing emotional support, helping others to find lost loved ones, or donating blood in the aftermath of a tragedy (Goh, 2019). Regardless of its nature, these behaviours are still prosocial as long as they improve the status of a needy other (Bierhoff, 2002;Marjanovic et al, 2009).…”

Section: Defining Prosocial Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prosociality is a reflection of resiliency in people despite the unfortunate and deleterious event, an action that has notable contribution to the overall response and recovery of a disaster (Goh, 2019). Independent of form or nature, nonetheless, prosocial acts encompass some degree of sacrifice to ensure and/or protect the well-being of others (Jensen, 2016;Jensen et al, 2014;Kraft, 2005); that is, prosociality during crises requires potential helpers to confront their instinctive drive for self-preservation.…”

Section: Defining Prosocial Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prosocial responses are not universally the same; they deviate in underlying nature, intention, and magnitude depending on contexts⎯including the field of discipline that prosociality is being studied, or even between crises and the noncrisis, everyday-life scenarios (see Clavin & Chapuisat, 2013;Goh, 2019;Jensen, 2016;Marjanovic et al, 2009).…”

Section: The Overall Present Research Motivations For the Present Res...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of perceptions of a malicious intent to harm on victims' prosocial intentions during a crisis

Goh¹

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Extensive research has been dedicated to the field of crowd psychology during crises. Different factors were established for why people help or not help others despite being confronted with danger, where improving the well-being of others may come with an expense to one's own welfare. When victims are in peril, bystander action can be imperative and transform the crisis trajectory.A substantial and fundamental, but also highly unascertained, determinant of prosociality is the underlying cause of the crisis⎯that is, whether the event is agentic or non-agentic in nature. Agency here reflects the presence of malice, deliberate decision, and intent by someone to impose harm and fear onto people. Agentic crises are thus those that emerge from some degree of malicious human intent, e.g., terror attacks and mass conflicts. Non-agentic threats are those that occurred as a result of other reasons apart from human intentions, e.g., natural disasters and vehicle accidents.Attribution of agency behind a crisis seemingly promotes proself inclinations in people; with reference to various concepts such as anthropomorphism, protection motivation theory, and the use of heuristics to interpret a situation, reasons for this tendency could be on part of the amplification of pain and threat perceptions arising from perceived agency. The actions of harm-doers after all are packed with animosity and intentionality, reflecting someone's malevolent desire to inflict and maximise harm on people as best as they could.Nonetheless, prosociality has also been observed in times of agentic threats, and reconciling these conflicting facts in reality is challenging. There still exists an

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Section: Defining Prosocial Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%