Agar Resources of the South Atlantic and East Gulf Coasts

Seaweeds of the southeastern United States: Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral

“…Williams 1948aWilliams , 1951Taylor 1960. As Endoderma viride, Hoyt 1920Humm 1952. Growing in the cell walls of Cladophora, Calonitophyllum, Hypoglossum, and Rhodymenia, summer.…”

“…Figure 10 Discs 1-5 mm diameter, margins single layered, centers two to three layered; central cells 5-10(-20) um diameter, irregularly polygonal, marginal cells elongate, 3-4(-15) um diameter by 15-30 um long, some peripheral cells forked; multinucleate; central cells forming four, eight, or sixteen zoospores. Williams 1948aWilliams , 1949Williams , 1951Humm 1952;Taylor 1960;Amsler and Searles 1981.…”

“…Distribution: Canadian Arctic to Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Bermuda, southern compressed in broad parts and adnate with hollow margins; plants not proliferous, sparsely branched or commonly simple; cells in middle and apical regions rectangular, quadrangular, or irregularly polygonal with or without rounded corners; cell divisions equal, forming longitudinal and short transverse rows unless cell order broken by oblique divisions; cells in upper basal region more rounded; cells in lower basal region also rounded, often elongate, and vegetative cells there rare or absent; plastids forming a hollow cylinder; pyrenoids one to two in middle and upper cells, to five in basal cells. Williams 1948a;Humm 1952;Taylor 1960;Alexander 1970;Chapman 1971;Kapraun 1984. As E. lingulata, Blomquist and Humm 1946;Williams 1948aWilliams , 1949Taylor 1960;Earle and Humm 1964;Chapman 1971, Richardson 1987.…”

“…During the 1940s he became involved in the wartime effort to find substitutes for the agar products which had previously been imported from Japan. He and others published a series of papers describing agar, local seaweed resources, and the suitability and characteristics of extracts from Hypnea musciformis and Gracilaria verrucosa (as G. confervoides; Humm 1942Humm , 1944Humm , 1951Humm and Wolf 1946;Micara 1946;Causey et al 1946;DeLoach et al 1946aDeLoach et al , 1946b. During the war a viable agar industry was centered in Beaufort, North Carolina, using locally collected Gracilaria as well as plants brought in from elsewhere along the East Coast.…”

GRACILARIA HUMMII SP. NOV. (GRACILARIALES, RHODOPHYTA), A NEW NAME FOR THE AGAROPHYTE “GRACILARIA CONFERVOIDES” HARVESTED IN NORTH CAROLINA DURING WORLD WAR II1

“…et I. A. Abbott] was quickly revived in California (Tseng 1944), and new sources were sought from other agaroid algae, including extensive surveys of Gracilaria species along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States from Maryland to New Orleans (Humm 1942, 1944). Most samples yielded agars of inferior quality; however, a free‐floating form referred to Gracilaria confervoides that was seasonally abundant in the sounds near Beaufort, North Carolina, proved to be an exception in having gel strengths and gelation properties that were comparable to those of the California Gelidium agar (DeLoach et al.…”