Agarwood Oil Yield As A Result of Changes in Cell Morphology Due To Soaking Process

Jok, Veronica Alexander; Radzi, Nurhaslina Che; Hamid, Ku Halim Ku

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.387

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To disturb the structure of the cell wall, the environment and surrounding condition need to be changed or altered by introducing to acidic or alkali solvent to allow the movement desired compounds from high to low concentration. By altering the external and internal factors, it can contribute the secretion of compound to the soaked water environment [1]. During soaking process, the cell has expanded and finally burst, thus releasing the content out to the soaking medium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous study by Veronica et. al [1] on the effects of soaking time showed different quality of essential oils yield. There are many studies about pharmacological properties on the agarwood essential oil especially in anti-inflammatory [3], antioxidant [4], antibacterial [5], anti-hyperglycemic [6] and anti-ischemic [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Agarwood has been known and used a long time ago as medicinal properties in pharmaceutical, incense, in religious practices and mostly perfume [1]. In Malaysia, agarwood commonly known as gaharu, is a tree of the genus Aquilaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrodistillation method also is low cost, simplest and easy to construct. However, using this method, the oil yield is very low [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ANALYSIS OF Sesquiterpenes IN AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL FROM HYDRODISTILLATION PROCESS

Radzi¹,

Khir

Musa

et al. 2018

MJAS

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Agarwood or its specific named, Aquilaria spp. is a precious tree in the world. It has been used widely in pharmaceutical industry, production of perfumes and incense raw material. In this study, the agarwood essential oil, species of Aquilaria maleccensis is being extracted by using hydrodistillation method. This study aims to analyse the present of chemical compound named sesquiterpenes in the agarwood essential oil. The effect of pre-treatment using soaking process on the agarwood within 7 days, 14 days and 21 days before proceed for hydrodistillation process had been done. The hydrodistillation process took 3 days before the sample of essential oil is collected. The sample is being analysed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed the existence of sesquiterpenes had been identified from all sample of three batches. However, different types of sesquiterpenes were identified for different batch. The highest sesquiterpenes content for 1 st batch is α-gurjunene with 2.95%, the 2 nd batch is ç-Himachalene with 0.292% and the 3 rd batch is same with the 1 st batch which is α-gurjunene with 0.356%. Keywords: agarwood, Aquilaria maleccensis, Sesquiterpenes, hydrodistillation, gas chromatography mass spectrometry Abstrak Gaharu atau nama spesifiknya, Aquilaria spp. adalah pokok yang sangat berharga di dunia. Ia banyak digunakan di dalam industri farmaseutikal, penghasilan minyak wangi dan bahan asas kemenyan. Dalam kajian ini, pati minyak gaharu, jenis Aquilaria maleccensis di ekstrak melalui kaedah penyulingan air. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kehadiran komponen kimia yang dinamakan sebagai sesquiterpenes di dalam pati minyak gaharu. Kesan pra rawatan menggunakan proses rendaman ke atas gaharu dilakukan antara 7 hari, 14 hari dan 21 hari sebelum dilanjutkan ke proses penyulingan air. Proses penyulingan air mengambil masa 3 hari sebelum sampel pati minyak gaharu diambil. Sampel tersebut tersebut seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Keputusan menunjukkan kehadiran sesquiterpenes daripada ketiga-tiga kumpulan. Walau bagaimanapun, jenis sesquiterpenes berbeza dikenalpasti bagi setiap kumpulan. Kuantiti sesquiterpenes paling tinggi dalam kumpulan pertama ialah α-gurjunene iaitu 2.95%, kumpulan kedua ialah ç-Himachalene iaitu sebanyak 0.292% dan kumpulan ketiga adalah bersamaan dengan kumpulan pertama iaitu 0.356%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrodistillation method also is low cost, simplest and easy to construct. However, using this method, the oil yield is very low [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

ANALYSIS OF Sesquiterpenes IN AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL FROM HYDRODISTILLATION PROCESS

Radzi¹,

Khir

Musa

et al. 2018

MJAS

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show abstract

“…The extraction method can be categorized as conventional method (traditional) and innovative technique (modern) [1]. The conventional extraction methods are such as by hydro-distillation [2], steam-distillation [3], solvent extraction [4], enfleurage, cohobation and maceration. The innovative extraction technique includes supercritical fluid extraction [5], microwave-assisted hydro-distillation [6] and ultrasound-assisted extraction [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment and Numerical Studies on Heat Loss in a Hydro-Distillation with Various Insulations

2018

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In Asia, Agarwood oil is obtained by conventional extraction methods which consume significant energy, amount of solvents, and process time. One of the conventional extraction methods is traditional hydrodistillation using stainless steel distiller covered by concrete. This study evaluates the heat loss during agarwood during agarwood hydro-distillation process with the aim at optimizing it using insulation techniques. Six insulation materials namely, Polyurethane, Aluminum Silicate, Glass Wool, Mineral Wool and Nitrile Rubber have been investigated experimentally and numerically using software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to determine their effectiveness in reducing the heat loss from the boiler. Interestingly, higher heat loss recorded by the boiler surrounded by the concrete than when the boiler was heated barely. The best insulations with more than 18% efficiency of bare distiller demonstrated by glass wool and polyurethane whilst the worst efficiency was Aluminum Silicate. This finding is significant to help designers to choose the insulation material for improving engineering economics of hydro-distillation process.

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Augmentation in fragrant agarwood oil quality by fermentation with a microbial consortium of bacterium (Microbacterium oxydans) and fungus (Penicillium aethiopicum)

Naziz,

Das,

Sen

2024

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Agarwood Oil Yield As A Result of Changes in Cell Morphology Due To Soaking Process

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

ANALYSIS OF Sesquiterpenes IN AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL FROM HYDRODISTILLATION PROCESS

ANALYSIS OF Sesquiterpenes IN AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL FROM HYDRODISTILLATION PROCESS

Experiment and Numerical Studies on Heat Loss in a Hydro-Distillation with Various Insulations

Augmentation in fragrant agarwood oil quality by fermentation with a microbial consortium of bacterium (Microbacterium oxydans) and fungus (Penicillium aethiopicum)

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