Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism

Short, Kevin R.; Vittone, Janet L.; Bigelow, Maureen L.; Proctor, David N.; Nair, K. Sreekumaran

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2003

Cited by 397 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The absence of an endurance training effect on muscle protein synthesis rates at rest, observed in the present study was in agreement with other results obtained in the tibialis anterior [39] and in the epitrochlearis [40] in rats. This conflicts with recent results in humans fed weight-maintaining diets reporting a stimulation at rest of muscle protein synthesis by endurance training [41,42]. The reason why protein fractional synthesis rates in the liver were lower at rest in trained rats than in sedentary rats remains unclear.…”

Section: Effect Of Endurance Trainingcontrasting

confidence: 63%

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid has limited effects on tissue protein anabolism in sedentary and exercising adult rats

et al. 2006

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-The effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) and endurance training on lean body mass are expected to result from their action on tissue protein metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze their effects on protein metabolism in 2 muscles, the small intestine and liver of adult rats. Four-month-old male Wistar rats were fed diets containing either no CLA, cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer (1 g.100 g −1 ), trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer (1 g.100 g −1 ) or both isomers (1 g.100 g −1 each) for 6 weeks. Half of the rats were subjected to endurance training by running on a treadmill. At the end of this period, the rats were injected with a flooding dose of 13 C-valine to determine protein synthesis rates in the post-absorptive (experiment 1) and in the post-prandial (experiment 2) states. No effect of CLA or endurance training were detected in the small intestine. Training reduced food intake and protein synthesis rates in the liver but no effect was found on the protein synthesis rates in muscles. In the post-absorptive state, protein synthesis rate was increased by feeding the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer alone in the liver (+9%) or in combination with the cis-9, trans-11 isomer in the gastrocnemius (+30%), mostly in sedentary rats. In the post-prandial state, the cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer tended to reduce the protein synthesis rate in the gastrocnemius muscle. However, no effect of CLA was found on muscle protein amounts. In conclusion, CLA isomers would have limited but differential effects on tissue protein metabolism in adult rats. conjugated linoleic acid / protein metabolism / exercise / muscle / liver / intestine

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Section: Effect Of Endurance Trainingcontrasting

confidence: 63%

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid has limited effects on tissue protein anabolism in sedentary and exercising adult rats

et al. 2006

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“…Skeletal muscle mass usually contributes up to about 50 % of total body weight in young adults and decreases during ageing to approximately 25 % of total body weight by 75-80 years of age (Short et al 2004). For example, quadriceps muscle decreases by up to 40 % between the ages of 20 and 80 years (Lexell 1995).…”

Section: Lean Mass Decreasementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Jura

Kozak

2016

AGE

344

203

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Obesity has become a major public health problem. Given the current increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of obesity also raises steadily among older age groups. The increase in life expectancy is often accompanied with additional years of susceptibility to chronic ill health associated with obesity in the elderly. Both obesity and ageing are conditions leading to serious health problems and increased risk for disease and death. Ageing is associated with an increase in abdominal obesity, a major contributor to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity in the elderly is thus a serious concern and comprehension of the key mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases has become a necessary matter. Here, we aimed to identify similarities underlying mechanisms related to both obesity and ageing. We bring together evidence that age-related changes in body fat distribution and metabolism might be key factors of a vicious cycle that can accelerate the ageing process and onset of age-related diseases.

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“…Although it was originally reported that healthy older adults had decreased rates of basal muscle protein synthesis (5,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) , more recent studies have failed to reproduce these findings and generally show little or no differences in basal muscle protein synthesis rates between young and old adults (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) . These discrepancies may be due to the standardisation of prior physical activity (24) , selection of subjects (30) or the selection of different precursor pools to calculate muscle protein synthesis (40) .…”

Section: Ageing and Protein Turnover In Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, endurance (97,98,(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110) exercise was shown to enhance the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, resulting in greater endurance capacity (5,120) . Although the muscle regenerative capacity seems to decline at a more advanced age, the reduced satellite cell pool size (119) does not compromise the capacity for muscle hypertrophy to occur even at an advanced age (121)(122)(123) and resistance exercise training was shown to increase muscle fibre size (124)(125)(126)(127) .…”

Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects, it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. Indeed, the doseresponse relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids and/or resistance exercise intensity is shifted down and to the right in elderly human subjects. This so-called 'anabolic resistance' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Interestingly, long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass, and improves functional performance in the elderly. The consumption of different types of proteins, i.e. protein hydrolysates, can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption. Current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition, exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly. Sarcopenia: Nutrition: Exercise training: Muscle hypertrophyThe preservation of muscle function is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle and the capacity to perform the activities of daily living in the elderly. One of the important factors in the loss of functional performance is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing, called 'sarcopenia' (1)(2)(3) . This apparent muscle wasting in elderly human subjects occurs at a rate of about 0 . 5-1 . 0% per year starting at about 40 years of age. Lean muscle mass contributes up to about 50% of the total body mass of young adults but can decline to 25% by 75-80 years of age (4,5) . The loss of muscle mass is most notable in the lower limb muscles, with the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis reduced by as much as 40% at the age of 80 years (6) . Sarcopenia is associated with a three-to fourfold increased likelihood of disabilities and the loss of muscle mass especially in the lower limbs is associated with an increased risk of falls and impairment in the ability to perform routine activities.The loss of muscle mass is viewed as a largely inevitable and undesirable consequence of ageing (7) , with muscle loss estimated to affect 30% of people older than 60 years and >50 % of those older than 80 years (1) . Demographic studies indicate that the world's population aged 60 years and above will triple within the next 50 years, and the su...

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Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism

Cited by 397 publications

References 49 publications

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid has limited effects on tissue protein anabolism in sedentary and exercising adult rats

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid has limited effects on tissue protein anabolism in sedentary and exercising adult rats

Obesity and related consequences to ageing

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

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